First Universalist Church LHD - Council Submission Packet (compressed)2 — File 213498

CITY OF SOMERVILLE ORDINANCE NO. 2022-__ IN THE CITY COUNCIL : _________________ MAP AMENDMENTS PURSUANT TO THE HISTORIC DISTRICT ORDINANCE TO CREATE THE FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICT WHEREAS, it is the intent of the Historic District Ordinance to protect, enhance and preserve the City’s cultural and historical resources; and, WHEREAS, historic districts safeguard these resources and offer the best protection for the community’s unique character through preservation of its representative built environment; and, WHEREAS, historic districts create strong economic benefits for the community, through an increase in property values, neighborhood stability, quality property reinvestment, and tourist appeal; and WHEREAS, historic districts integrate the City’s goals for Smart Growth and a sustainable green economy, by promoting reinvestment in the existing building stock, reducing material waste, and capitalizing on our rich architectural heritage; and NOW THEREFORE , be it hereby ordained by the City Council, in session assembled, that the below listed properties are approved as Map Amendments to the Historic District Ordinance, Sections 7-26 of Chapter 7, Article II, of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Somerville in accordance with Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40C. First Unitarian Church Local Historic District Approved by the City Council; ______________________________ President Number Street M/B/L Const. Date Historic Name Inventory Form Architectural Style 125 Highland Ave 50/F/31 1916- 1923 First Universalist Church of Somerville Existing Romanesque Revival

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 1 Final Study Report for the proposed First Universalist Church Local Historic District in Somerville, MA

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 2 Table of Contents Summary Sheet 3 Public Hearing 4 Role of MHC 4 Local Designation & National Significance 5 (including history and architectural description) Justification of Boundaries 12 History of Designation Process 14 Methodology 16 Map of Proposed District 17 Property Index 18 Historic District Ordinance, Inventory Forms Appendices

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 3 Summary Sheet Contact Information: Sarah Lewis Director of Planning Mayor’s Office of Strategic Planning & Community Development 93 Highland Avenue Somerville, MA 02143 slewis@somervillema.gov Sarah White, MDS-HP Senior Planner Mayor’s Office of Strategic Planning & Community Development 93 Highland Avenue Somerville, MA 02143 swhite@somervillema.gov Somerville Historic Preservation Commission (HPC): Eric Parkes, Chair Robin Kelly, Vice-Chair Adam Wylie (Alt.), Secretary Alan Bingham Dick Bauer Denis J. (DJ) Chagnon (Alt.), Ryan Falvey Public Hearing: A public hearing was held by the Somerville Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) on Monday, March 28, 2022 and, pursuant to Chapter 22 of the Acts of 2022, was conducted via remote participation. After taking public comment, the HPC discussed the matter amongst themselves in open forum. The HPC unanimously voted in favor of the following two motions: • to endorse the establishment of 125 Highland Avenue as a Local Historic District • to submit the proposed LHD to City Council for their consideration City Council Vote: (estimated) April 14, 2022 Total Properties: 1

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 4 Summary of Public Hearing Prior to the public hearing, 65 emails were submitted to historic@somervillema.gov providing public comment from 64 individual email addresses. Two emails were received from the same writer, though each email touches on the subject of LHD designation with different information. During the public hearing, 48 individuals provided oral comments. Some of those individuals had also submitted written comments prior to the start of the hearing. The numbers provided above reflect only those which were submitted to city email and via spoken remarks at the public hearing. These numbers do not include members of the public who may have contacted their City Councilor individually. Role of the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) Much has been made of the Massachusetts Historical Commission’s (MHC) March 9, 2022 advisory review and advisory vote regarding this property. At that meeting, the MHC voted 8-2 against accepting the report and MHC staff recommendation to create the First Universalist Church LHD in the City of Somerville. Please note the following: • All votes from the MHC on whether or not to recommend creation of an LHD are advisory only. Often the MHC recommends creating an LHD and that additional properties be included in that LHD. Municipalities can accept or reject that recommendation. Similarly, if the MHC recommends not creating an LHD, municipalities can accept or reject that recommendation as well. • MHC members were not provided with a copy of Somerville's Preliminary Study Report. City Staff has since learned after meeting with MHC staff members that the MHC is never provided with copies of the Preliminary Study Reports to review when considering their advisory recommendation on LHD designation. Therefore, the MHC members did not take any of the information that the Preliminary Study Report provided into consideration in their advisory vote. • The developer's attorney submitted a letter of opposition to the MHC after-hours the day before the Somerville proposal was heard. MHC members were not provided this letter prior to their public hearing, either. • City Staff has confirmed with the MHC staff that the Massachusetts Historical Commission uses no criteria when considering whether or not to advise designating an LHD. Unlike local boards and commissions who must make findings against specific criteria when rendering decisions, no such criteria or guidelines exist against which the MHD bases their advisory recommendations.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 5 The MHC cannot prevent an LHD from being created nor can it require its establishment. Similarly, the HPC cannot force an LHD to be established or not. M.G.L. Chapter 40C puts the power of establishment under the auspices of the City Council, after a local historic preservation commission has met its statutory obligations of study and public hearing. Local Designation and National Significance Among all of the municipalities in the Commonwealth that have adopted Chapter 40C, the City of Somerville has the largest number of single-building Local Historic Districts (LHDs), with over 170 properties individually designated. In the last 20 years, however, Somerville has designated few single-building LHDs, the last being in 2013 with the designation of 237 Washington Street, formerly the Somerville Main Branch Post Office in Union Square. The Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) now recommends individually designating 125 Highland Avenue, the final home of the First Universalist Church of Somerville, as a Local Historic District (LHD). This building is already listed federally as follows: • National Register of Historic Places (individual listing) • National Register Multiple Resource Area (contributing structure) Listing on the National Register of Historic Places does not prevent the demolition of a building. Listing as a contributing building to a National Register Multiple Resource Area does not prevent the demolition of a building. The goal of the creation of the First Universalist Church Local Historic District (LHD) is to prevent the demolition of this Romanesque Revival, National Register property. This is the only Romanesque Revival structure extant in the City. This building, designed by the firm Cram and Ferguson whose founder was architect Ralph Adams Cram, has remained a strong presence on Highland Avenue lending visual interest and architectural diversity to this part of Central Hill for over 100 years. Loss of this building would also eliminate one of four key National Register-listed institutional buildings that feature prominently along Highland Avenue within a small radius of this edifice. Demolition of this structure will erase the only intact building associated with the First Universalist Church of Somerville. The previous structures they inhabited at the intersection of Tufts and Cross Streets were lost in a fire (1868) or met their demise through irrevocable alteration, first as a theatre and later when incorporated as part of a larger development project.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 6 Left: First Universalist Church at 52 Tufts St. prior to alteration. . Below: What remains of the Cross Street Universalist Church building today There has been a significant amount of debate regarding the building’s architect as a person and his firm’s initial involvement in the building. It is key to recall that the congregants of the First Universalist Church had agency in determining where their church would be built, how it would be designed, and by whom. The Universalists were one of the most socially, politically, and religiously liberal organizations of their time. It was the Universalists who built and inhabited this building and gave it renown through their charitable work within the Somerville community. It is the long-term involvement of the First Universalists with this building that imbues the structure with meaning. The simple styling and finishes that have been derided for not being the “high style” of some other Cram and Ferguson work reflect a choice of the client as opposed to a statement by an architect. The simplicity of design of this church echoes the simple designs of the earlier houses of worship

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 7 the First Universalists had constructed elsewhere in the City. Moreover, the choice of the Romanesque Revival style, known for simpler details and finishes, particularly in its arches and windows, than its Romanesque predecessor, was a popular choice for churches and even some synagogues in the US during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Universalism itself was formally established in Massachusetts in 1774 in Gloucester, MA where the first church was founded by Hosea Ballou and John Murray. Ballou is considered the father of American Universalism. Universalism tends to bend strongly liberal politically, is socially- minded, saw abolitionism and the Fifteenth Amendment as essential, believed in the separation of Church and State, and was one of the first religious organizations in America to allow for the ordination of women with Olympia Brown in 1863. It is for a community of members that held such beliefs that 125 Highland Avenue was built. This building remains a strong presence architecturally and presents a physical reminder of these philosophies of its membership. The First Universalist Society of Somerville was organized in 1854. As noted earlier, their first two churches were constructed at the intersection of Tufts and Cross Streets. Their final home at 125 Highland Avenue was constructed by a denomination whose original members included Somerville residents whose past acts still have local, national, and global impacts today. Local resident, Charles Tufts in particular, donated the land upon which the original church building was constructed. This is the same Charles Tufts who donated 100 acres of land to help create the institution which continues to bear his name today, Tufts University. In 1904, the First Universalists celebrated 50 years in Somerville. Their social and philanthropic works within the community were noted by the congregation with perhaps a bit of (not undeserved) braggadocio in their published anniversary souvenir. They note that though a small parish, their members …are hard workers and liberal givers. We are a united people. But actions speak louder than words, and while in numbers we are one of the smallest denominations in our city, we take natural pride in the fact that all the principal philanthropies in Somerville, at the present time, were, at the beginning, either started by some one or more of our church people, or had the personal as well as financial, support of some of its members – notably, the Hospital, Day Nursery, Associated Charities, Home for the Aged, Children’s Home, and Boys’ Club. It can be readily seen by this that our church occupies an important place in the community. By its works it is known, and we can be pardoned if, once in fifty years, we burst out in a little self-praise.1 Architectural Description As noted earlier, the Romanesque Revival style is noted for its elegant simplicity in comparison to its progenitor, the Romanesque style of the 11th and 12th centuries. This early 20th century 1 History of the First Universalist Church in Somerville, Mass. Illustrated; a souvenir of the fiftieth anniversary celebrated February 15-19, 1904 , p. 65.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 8 Romanesque Revival church uses a side gable design with attached right-side bell tower and left- side entry hall. The roof is slate shingled. Paired, arched windows separated by a column with capitals most closely representing the Doric order (Roman) are extant between each of the three brick-capped buttresses on the front elevation. A decorative brick cornice is present under the gable roof. The bell tower is found on the right front elevation of the building. The tower is overall four levels in height with the first two levels delineated by a decorative brick string course. A strong, decorative brick belt course separates the third and fourth levels of the tower. The tower is accessed by a series of concrete-capped brick steps. These steps lead to a brick, double-arched, keystone-topped entryway with cast concrete detailing. A recessed, paneled wood entry door is also extant. The second level of the bell tower exhibits a single, brick-arched window on each publicly-visible façade; the third level presents a paired window on each elevation whose design mimics that of the paired windows on the front elevation, though these tower windows are smaller in size. A strong, decorative brick belt course demarcates the third and fourth levels. The fourth level presents larger paired, arched, inset windows with brick detailing. A brick string course pierces each arch at its base. The tower is capped with a pyramidal-shaped roof with a cross at its point. To the right of the tower, the remainder of the main massing of the church building extends. A final brick-topped buttress is present. Situated under the gable point is a circular window presenting brick detailing around its circumference. Below this window, another paired, brick- arched window is present which mimics those found on the front elevation, but larger in scale. A narrow, single-story, pyramidal-capped extension is located at the intersection of the right elevation of the tower with the main massing of the building. A narrow, brick-arched window is present on this extension. On the left of the main massing of the building is an (original) extension facing toward Highland Avenue. Concrete steps lead from the public sidewalk to a side entry door. This extension presents a gable roof. Facing Highland Avenue, the first level of the extension presents a triple window, each section rectangular in form. It is topped with a lintel and adorned by a brick arch with a keystone. The right elevation of the first level presents an entry door with a lintel topped by a brick arch. The first level of the left elevation presents a double window with lintel topped by a brick arch. Each section of the window is rectangular. The second level of this extension presents a single, brick-arched window on each side. To the left of this extension the remainder of the main massing of the church building extends. Situated under the gable point is a circular window presenting brick detailing around its circumference Overall, the use of brick and terracotta add visual variety and interest to an otherwise simple and unadorned exterior. Particularly, these elements used for the foundation, the outline of the Romanesque arches, the capping on the buttresses and the adornment of the string courses provide visual and textural contrast to the neutral stucco exterior. A single-story rear addition is also extant.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 9 Upon request from City Staff, scans of the original blueprints created by Cram & Ferguson for the First Universalist Church at 125 Highland Avenue were provided by the staff of the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC). Images of those blueprints appear below. Notable in these blueprints is a two-story rear addition. It is possible that either this two-story portion was never built, it was removed, or perhaps it was reduced in size to the single-story version that exists today. Interior ceiling detail of this portion of the building indicate that it possibly to the period of original construction. Regardless of the age or level of intactness of this rear addition this portion of the building is of lesser import than the street-visible facades. It is of note that the building retains so much of its original design, materials, and features when compared to the blueprints.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 10

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 11

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 12 Justification of Boundaries The proposed district is bounded to the North by Madison Street, to the South by Highland Avenue, to the East by School Street, and to the West by Sycamore Street. As discussed earlier in this report, this building is one of four key institutional buildings in this immediate area listed on the National Register of Historic Places individually and as contributing buildings to a larger National Register Multiple Resource Area. Other prominent institutional buildings are present in the immediate area of 125 Highland Ave which are not only National Register-listed and contribute to a larger National Register Multiple Resource Area (NRMA) but are also designated as Local Historic Districts (LHDs) and, thus, are protected. The First Universalist Church at 125 Highland Avenue is the only one of these buildings to be locally undesignated and, therefore, unprotected from demolition. These above-noted institutional buildings are as follows:

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 13 Other non-institutional buildings in this immediate area are also LHD-designated and listed individually on the National Register and contribute to the National Register Multiple Resource Area: • 48-52 Highland Avenue (1889, “Langmaid Building”) • 66 Highland Avenue (1892, “The Highland”) • 76 Highland Avenue (c. 1895) The First Universalist Church LHD will fall under the City’s existing municipal ordinance (Code of Ordinances, Part II, Chapter 7 Housing, Article II Historic Districts) which allows for the creation of historic districts under the auspices of M.G.L. Chapter 40C. Somerville originally adopted its Historic Districts ordinance in 1985. As previously noted, this structure was designed by the firm of Cram and Ferguson, founded by known institutional architect, Ralph Adams Cram. This firm is still active today and is based in Concord, MA https://www.cramandferguson.com/ Cram and his firm designed countless institutional (academic, religious, government) buildings across the country including numerous in Massachusetts as well as the Bourne and Sagamore Bridges. Other works in MA alone include, but are not limited to: Roxbury, MA – the Parker Hill Branch of the Boston Public Library Fall River, MA – Public Library Dorchester, MA – The Mather School Ashmont, MA - All Saint’s Church Malden, MA – St. Paul’s Episcopal Church Wakefield, MA – Lucious Beebe Memorial Library Boston, MA – John W. McCormack Post Office and Courthouse2 2 This building underwent recent restoration and adaptation in order to avoid the environmental impacts of demolition and new building construction. This project achieved LEED Gold Status, created a green roof, improved interior programming to allow for more dense occupancy all while preserving the exterior form, design, materials, and street presence that this building always commanded. https://www.goodyclancy.com/projects/john-w- mccormack-post-office-and-u-s-courthouse/

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 14 Academic buildings across the country include various at Wheaton College, Williams College, Sweet Briar College, Notre Dame, West Point, Princeton, Rice, Boston University, among many others. Cram also served as the head of the Department of Architecture at MIT for several years. History of Designation, Local Historic Districts, National Register of Historic Places Listing Communities around the country began creating local historic districts in the 1930s, with the first being established in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931. The first local historic districts in Massachusetts were not created until 1955 with the establishment of the Beacon Hill and Nantucket districts. These local historic districts were created through Special Acts of the (state) Legislature, the only mechanism available at the time for creating this type of regulatory district. In 1960 Massachusetts General Law (M.G.L.) Chapter 40C Historic Districts came into effect, providing municipalities across the Commonwealth with the ability to create Local Historic Districts (LHDs) themselves without having to go through the State Legislature to do so. It is through the process outlined in this law that LHDs, including those in Somerville, are now established. Today there are over 300 LHDs across Massachusetts, with more being created each year. M.G.L. Chapter 40C states that there are three main purposes3 for creating an LHD: • to preserve and protect the distinctive characteristics of buildings and places significant in the history of the Commonwealth and its cities and towns; • to maintain and improve the settings of those buildings and places; • to encourage new designs compatible with existing buildings in the district. The law goes on to state that through the preservation and protection of buildings and places significant to the state and its municipalities, LHDs promote the educational, cultural, economic, and general welfare of the public.4 Research into the properties proposed for any LHD leads to the uncovering of often long-forgotten details of people and place that help to tell a fuller and more inclusive story of the human experience, both broadly and locally. These stories are told through the written word, individual and collective memory, the visual language of architecture, and physical relics of people and place. LHDs help to anchor all of these diverse, complex, pleasant, painful, and divergent memories and experiences in place. The inventory forms that are a component of the LHD creation process provide valuable information about the City in general the lives of building owners and occupants in particular. LHDs are not intended to prevent all change from occurring. Historic designation encourages thoughtful, well-planned building design and site development, including new construction as well as adaptive re-use, within a set of regulations. Each proposed project is reviewed on its own merits relative to the historic district ordinance and Design Guidelines. 3 M.G.L. Chapter 40C, §2 Purpose 4 Ibid

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 15 Chapter 40C allows for the creation of LHDs that contain a single parcel, building, or structure or multiple parcels, buildings or structures: …the buildings, structures or sites to be included in the proposed historic district may consist of one or more parcels or lots of land, or one or more buildings or structures on one or more parcels or lots of land.”5 Numerous municipalities closely surrounding Somerville contain LHDs including, but not limited to, Brookline, Cambridge, Medford, Arlington, Boston (and its major neighborhoods), Newton, and Belmont. Somerville established its first LHDs in 1985. While the City has numerous multi- property LHDs, it also has the largest number of single-building LHDs in the state; there are over 170 single-building LHDs in Somerville. The single-building designation approach has been a useful tool for protecting the architectural integrity of numerous individual Somerville buildings and the history that each communicates. This is further discussed in the Methodology section below. Lastly, it is important to note the distinction between a Local Historic District and a National Register District. A Local Historic District (LHD) differs from a National Register District (NRD) in that an LHD protects the exterior of structures visible from a public way from incongruous exterior changes as well as demolition. Only exterior changes visible from a public way are reviewed by a district commission (in Somerville’s case, the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC)) relative to historic Design Guidelines. NRD designation (including individual listing on the National Register and inclusion in a National Register Multiple Resource Area) is an honorary listing and indicates formal, federal recognition of a property’s historic, cultural, architectural, or archaeological significance. Buildings, structures, sites, and objects can be included on the National Register. The National register is a federal listing that is administered by the Secretary of the Interior. However, National Register listing does not protect a property from demolition nor from undergoing unsympathetic exterior changes. The protections and regulatory oversite that an LHD affords are not provided by a National Register listing.6 5 See Massachusetts General Law (M.G.L.) Chapter 40C § 3. 6 The exception is if a National Register or National Register-eligible property is potentially impacted by a (wholly- or partially-) federally funded, licensed, or permitted project. If such a project is being undertaken, an advisory review known as a Section 106 review is triggered. Section 106 reviews are required in certain circumstances by the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). A general example of a project that could trigger a Section 106 review would be a telecom company’s installation of cell arrays on a building that is on or eligible for listing on the National Register. This would trigger a Section 106 review due to federal licensing or permitting requirements for these projects (in this case by the FCC). When a Section 106 review such as this is triggered, a consulting party, usually a local historic preservation commission, provides an advisory review to the entity undertaking the project. This advisory review provides local feedback on whether or not the project will have an adverse effect on surrounding historic assets. Section 106 reviews cannot prevent a project from happening, but they might be able to mitigate some negative impact on historic assets. The Section 106 process this is an iterative, advisory process with no guaranteed outcome. The entity undertaking the project can choose to work with the local consulting party or choose not to alter their project in any way.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 16 Methodology On April 26, 2021, under the auspices of the City’s Demolition Review Ordinance (DRO), the Somerville Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) held a public hearing regarding a demolition request for 125 Highland Avenue by the prospective buyer. In accordance with the DRO, the HPC determined the building to be “preferably preserved” and imposed a 12-month demolition delay.78 The demolition delay expires at the end of April 27, 2022. At their November 16, 2021 public business meeting, the HPC authorized Preservation Planning to submit a Preliminary Study Report to the MHC. A duly noticed public hearing was held by the HPC on March 28, 2022 in accordance with MGL Chapter 40C and locally-applicable laws. From a research perspective, the City studied property deeds, development patterns, historic maps, historic photographs, history of the Universalist movement and the founders thereof in Somerville, local history books. Also utilized for this Preliminary Study Report were the existing Form Bs, the National Register nomination, and the National Register Multiple Resource Area report. On-the-whole, Somerville’s history and historic development patterns are well-documented both by city Preservation Planning Staff and through publications such as Beyond the Neck: The Architecture and Development of Somerville, Massachusetts and Somerville Past and Present among other resources. Preservation Planners in the Mayor’s Office of Strategic Planning & Community Development (OSPCD) have spent the past several years researching districted properties as well as those which are presented to the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) for demolition, such as 125 Highland Avenue. The totality of this work has resulted in a deep and growing understanding of Somerville’s history and the impacts Somerville has had locally, nationally, and globally. The opportunity to research properties for inclusion in a Local Historic District results in a more in-depth understanding of the lives of City residents, deeper knowledge of community civic and religious organizations, commerce and industry, immigration patterns, and a broader acknowledgement of the complexity of the human condition in its myriad manifestations. As a National Register listed property alone, 125 Highland Avenue has been eligible to apply for Community Preservation Act (CPA) Historic Preservation grant money for several years, even though it is owned by a private, non-profit entity. Should this proposed district be approved, the LHD property owner would become eligible to apply for small grants (up to $15,000.00) from 7 The HPC determined 125 Highland Avenue to be “preferably preserved” at their April 2021 meeting. Public comment was taken at the meeting. At the time of the final determination of “preferably preserved”, a 12-month demolition delay period was in place. In May 2021, the City Council affirmatively voted to increase the delay period to 18 months. 8 Somerville’s Demolition Review Ordinance (DRO) states that buildings proposed for demolition that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places are automatically determined to be “historically significant”. Therefore, such properties only appear before the HPC for a determination of whether or not they are “Preferably Preserved”.

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 17 Somerville’s Historic Homeowner Preservation Fund to assist with preservation-related, exterior projects that are visible from the public way. This property is also eligible to apply for Federal and State Historic Tax Credits if it is to be an investment property whose proposals meet certain conditions. Map of Proposed District The map of the proposed district has been generated from the City’s GIS system and appears below:

First Universalist Church LHD – Final Study Report 18 Property Street Address Index Ordinance The City of Somerville’s Historic District Ordinance (Ordinance No. 1985-2) was adopted in 1985. Due to the length of the document, a link to the ordinance has been provided here: https://s3.amazonaws.com/ifa.somervillema.gov/documents/historic/HistoricDistrictsOrdinance. pdf Inventory Form The existing inventory form and National Register form are appended to this Preliminary Study Report. Number Street M/B/L Const. Date Historic Name Inventory Form Architectural Style 125 Highland Ave 50/F/31 1916- 1923 First Universalist Church of Somerville Existing Romanesque Revival

Inventory No: SMV.122 Historic Name: First Universalist Church Common Name: Igreja Batista Missionaria Church Address: 125 Highland Ave City/Town: Somerville Village/Neighborhood: Central Hill Local No: 1050, 143, 50-F-31 Year Constructed: r 1920 Architect(s): Cram and Ferguson; Cram, Ralph Adams Architectural Style(s): Romanesque Revival Use(s): Church Significance: Architecture; Community Planning; Ethnic Heritage; Religion Area(s): SMV.C: Central Hill SMV.AY: Somerville Multiple Resource Area Designation(s): Nat'l Register MRA (09/18/1989); Nat'l Register Individual Property (09/18/1989) Building Materials(s): Roof: Slate Wall: Brick; Glass; Stucco Foundation: Stone, Cut The Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) has converted this paper record to digital format as part of ongoing projects to scan records of the Inventory of Historic Assets of the Commonwealth and National Register of Historic Places nominations for Massachusetts. Efforts are ongoing and not all inventory or National Register records related to this resource may be available in digital format at this time. The MACRIS database and scanned files are highly dynamic; new information is added daily and both database records and related scanned files may be updated as new information is incorporated into MHC files. Users should note that there may be a considerable lag time between the receipt of new or updated records by MHC and the appearance of related information in MACRIS. Users should also note that not all source materials for the MACRIS database are made available as scanned images. Users may consult the records, files and maps available in MHC's public research area at its offices at the State Archives Building, 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, open M-F, 9-5. Users of this digital material acknowledge that they have read and understood the MACRIS Information and Disclaimer (http://mhc-macris.net/macrisdisclaimer.htm) Data available via the MACRIS web interface, and associated scanned files are for information purposes only. THE ACT OF CHECKING THIS DATABASE AND ASSOCIATED SCANNED FILES DOES NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. IF YOU ARE REPRESENTING A DEVELOPER AND/OR A PROPOSED PROJECT THAT WILL REQUIRE A PERMIT, LICENSE OR FUNDING FROM ANY STATE OR FEDERAL AGENCY YOU MUST SUBMIT A PROJECT NOTIFICATION FORM TO MHC FOR MHC'S REVIEW AND COMMENT. You can obtain a copy of a PNF through the MHC web site (www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc) under the subject heading "MHC Forms." Commonwealth of Massachusetts Massachusetts Historical Commission 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc This file was accessed on: Tuesday, January 18, 2022 at 6:05: PM

NPS Form 10-900 (R8V. 8-86) OMB  No.  W24401B  AU8 04i9S9 NATIONAL  REGISTER  This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in  Guidelines  for  Completing  National  Register  Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property" historic name snwmu MULTIPLE E  AREA  other names/site number 2. Location street & number MULTIPLE [ty/jfrot for publication city, town SGTCRVilE iN^Vicinity state W&ACWSLIIS code 027 county MIDDLESEX code 017 zip code 07143 3. Classification Ownership of Property nn private PH public-local I  I public-State I  I public-Federal Category of Property PT1 building(s) PCI district PHsite PO structure • object Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing m 3 7 buildings sites structures objects Total J_ V  J68- 1ST  Name of related multiple property listing: N/A  Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 3 *SCC COTTt. sheet* 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this fj(l nomination CZ3 request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my ppjnion, the propertyjY-Lmeets does not meet the National Register criteria. See continuation sheet. r^Q>V\A4fX..  jpj^.  my /pinion, the pi Signature of certifying official Kegs. Historical Cormrission Executive Director, State Historic Preservation Officer State or Federal agency and bureau Date In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. See continuation sheet. Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 5. National Park Service Certification I, hereby^ certify that this property is: 0LLefttered in the National Register. I  I See continuation sheet. I  I determined eligible for the National Register. [~| See continuation sheet. | | determined not eligible for the National Register. I  I removed from the National Register. I  1 other, (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

N N Pom 10400* OMt Am*** Mft fMtOOft United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Scmerville, M/\ Section number 3  Page  i (MRA) Contributing Resources previously Listed on the National Register: 1) Martin Carr School  m 198* 2) Bow Street Historic District MR 1976 3) Powder House Park Historic District If* 1975

SCTERVILLE.MASS. (M*A) Current Functions (enter categories from instructions) ComTEn^e/rrade: Business, professional Domestic: Single & Multiple Dwellings ~ gecreation & Culture: Ttieatre Funerary; cemeterey ~ Education: School (CONTINUED) Materials (entei^eategories from instructions) foundation   <TOE/(  walls  Sm2L£/SmE/SMVEQC­ roof ASPHALT other _MULHA£.  6.  FUNCTION  OR USE  Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions) AGRICULTlJRE:Processing INDUSTRY:  WNUFACHIIE  CTWgCE/ TRADE: buisiness, professional ~ DOMESTIC: Single & Multiple Dwellings RECREATION & CULTURE: Theartre 7. Description Architectural Classification (enter categories from instructions) RAC  REVIVAL  OOMIC  REVIVAL  ITALIAMTE  GEORGIAN  QUEEN/WE COLONIAL  REVIVAL  SHINGLE  STYLE  TUDOR  REVIVAL  FEDERAL  Describe present and historic physical appearance. FXL See continuation sheet

N N Form 10400* OMt A*m*  m, t0M40tl (e*Oe) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  J >  P a g e _ J somerviiie,  M A S S ,  (MRA)  Historic Functions Funerary: Cemetery Education: School Religous: Churches

HHKm 10400* MWAwmmtMl. f0M40fl (MO) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Placee Continuation Sheet  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  Section number   7  Page   1  Boundaries  Boundaries  for the  Somerviiie  Multiple  Resource  National  Register  Nomination  are  the  incorporated  city  limits  of  Somerviiie,  Massachusetts,  an area  of  approximately  four  square  miles  bordered  by  Boston  (south),  Medford  (north),  Everett  (northeast),  Arlington  (northwest),  and  Cambridge  (south).  Located  in  eastern  Middlesex  County,  Somerviiie  is  two  miles  from  Boston,  in one  of the  oldest  settled  areas  of the  state.  Its  present  character  is  that  of  a  densely  settled  residential  community  whose  18th,  19th,  and  early  20th  century  structures  represent  a wide  range  of  building  styles.  While  many  have  been  substantially  altered,  a number  have  survived  intact,  forming  the basis  for this multiple  resource  nomination.  At  first  settlement,  Somerviiie  was  part  of  the  Charlestown  Peninsula,  marshy  at  its eastern,  southern,  and  northern  edges,  and  meadowland  and  grassland  toward  the western  edge.  The  entire  tract  was  largely  unforested.  Through much  of the  17th  century,  it  served  as common  grazing  land,  known  as the  area  "beyond  the  Neck."  The natural  landscape  of  Somerviiie  has been  changed  radically  since  settlement.  Hills  have  been  cut  down  or completely  razed,  rivers  and  streams  filled,  and marshlands  and  claylands  built  over.  In  1629  Thomas  Graves  recorded  that  this  area was  "very beautiful  in  open  lands, mixed  with  goodly woods,  and  again  open plains,  in  some  places  500  acres,  some places more,  some  less, not much  troublesome  for to clear  for the plough  to go  in; no  place  barren  but  on  the  tops  of  the  hills.  The grass and weeds  grow up  to  a man's  face  in  the  lowlands,  and  by  the  fresh  rivers  abundance  of  grass  and  large  meadows,  without  any tree  or  shrub  to hinder  the  scythe."  Topography  Topographically,  Somerviiie's  landscape  is  marked  by  numerous  drumlins,  or gravel­filled  glacial  deposits, which  form  the  city's  backbone  between  the  lower  Charles  and Mystic  River watersheds.  The  most  prominent  are Winter,  Spring,  Central,  and  Prospect  Hills.  Of  these.  Winter  and  Spring  Hills  are the highest  (about  130  feet  in  elevation),  lying  on  either  side of a  lowland  through which  now  runs  the  Boston  & Maine  Railroad.  Winthrop  Hill,  Cobble  Hill, and  Mount  Benedict  (or Ploughed  Hill) were  completely  cut  down  in the  late 

N N Perm 104004 ( M l ) OMfApprwtfMl. fOM40fl National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  7 Page  2 Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  nineteenth  century.  Numerous  slate deposits were  quarried  by  early  settlers  at  several  locations,  including  sites  on Winter,  Prospect,  and  Spring  Hills.  The  city  today  is vaguely  rectangular  in  shape,  wide  and  narrow,  with  its boundaries  defined  in part  by  the  presence  of the Mystic  River  north  and west  of the  city.  Two  rivers border  Somerviiie:  the Mystic  River  at  the  north,  and  Alewife  Brook,  a tributary  to the Mystic,  at  the west.  Until  1874,  Miller's  River  (also  known  as  Willis'  Creek)  cut  a  deep  inlet  draining  marshland  at  the  south;  it was  filled  with  soil  cut  down  from  Prospect  Hill  in an  attempt  to  alleviate  pollution.  Numerous  other  creeks  and  small  ponds  have been  filled  in during  the  last  century.  Somerviiie's  soils  range  from  well­drained  loam  in  the  western  section  to  dense  deposits  of  glacial  clay  in the  Mystic  River watershed  and  near  former  swamplands  to the  south,  originally  part  of  the  glacial  flood  plain  that  fills the  lower valley  of  the  Charles River  from Watertown  to the  Back  Bay.  Topography  and  natural  resources  have  determined  the  location  of  industries  and  residential  districts,  as  well  as  transportation  corridors.  The  majority  of  manufacturing  and  processing  establishments  (now  for  the  most  part  demolished)  located  in  the  lowlands  near the Mystic  River,  and  the  residential  sections  adhered  primarily  to the  slopes  of the hills.  Somerviiie  is  a  city  composed  of  many  neighborhoods.  Area  nomenclature  is dominated  by  the names given  to  hills  and  natural  features  in  the  18th  and  19th  centuries  (see historic  map).  Ten  Hills,  above  the  shore  of the Mystic  River,  once  housed  the  summer  residence  of Governor John Winthrop.  Winter Hill,  site  of  farms  and  quarries  in the  colonial  period,  was  built  up  as  a  fortification  site  during  the Revolutionary  war.  Located  in northern  Somerviiie,  it developed  as a residential  area beginning  in  the  1840s.  Spring  Hill,  just  north  of  the  Cambridge  line,  likewise  developed  as a  residential  subdivision  ca.  1840.  Other  Somerviiie  neighborhoods  include  East  Somerviiie  (historically  the  site  of  Somerviiie's  earliest  industries),  Union  Square  (the  first  town  commercial  center  and  junction  of  a  number  of early  roadways),  Asylum  Hill  (home  of  the  first  asylum  for the  insane  in New  England)  and  its  neighboring  area  for  workers  housing,  "Brick  Bottom,"  Prospect  Hill  (another  Revolutionary­war  fortification  site  and  later the  location  of  some  of  the  city's most  prestigious  late  19th  century  dwellings,  as  well  as  its civic  center),  and Ward  II  (one of the  few  political 

N M Form 104004 OMt A|pr*vtf Mft fOM40f| United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerville,  Mass.  Section number   7  Page   3  (MRA)  designations  in  active  use  and  an  industrial  center  in the  19th  century).  Street  names  also  commemorate  early  settlers  (Adams,  Winthrop,  Russell),  trees  (Willow,  Cedar,  Elm),  and  the  19th  century  businessmen,  town  officials,  and  land  speculators  who  often wore  all  three  hats.  Brastow,  Simpson,  Gilman,  Dimick,  and Vinal  are  named  for these  individuals.  Lost  natural  features  and  old  routes  are  still  evident  in  street  names:  Granite  Street was  the  name  leading  to the  slate  quarry  of Osgood  B. Dane  (also commemorated  in a  street  name) ,  and  Canal  Road  at  Ten  Hills  abutted  a  portion  of  the  Middlesex  Canal.  Eighteenth  and  early­19th  century  dairy  farms  are  documented  on  Prospect,  Winter,  and  Spring  Hills,  and  in West  Somerville  near  Alewife  Brook.  The upland  soil  of West  Somerville  was  well­suited  for  grazing,  and  later  in the  19th century,  for market  gardening.  In Ward  II,  Ten  Hills,  and  the  Powderhouse  area,  glacial  clay  deposits  were  extensively  excavated  for the manufacture  of  bricks  and  pottery.  Beginning  in the  17th century,  outcroppings  of  bedrock  were  quarried  for  foundation  stone,  fenceposts,  and  headstones.  Somerville  stone was used  for the next  two  centuries  for  walls  and  foundations,  and  in a  few  cases,  for the  construction  of  buildings.  A  stone­crushing  industry  developed  in  the  late  19th  century  to  supply  gravel  for  road­building.  Large­scale  filling  and  the  subsequent  construction  of  buildings  have  changed  this  early  19th  century  land  use  pattern.  In  the  1840s,  farmers  sold  some  of  the  pastureland  to be  stripped  for  brickyards..  Later, with  the decline  of  the  brick  industry,  this  land  was  filled  and used  for building  lots.  Similarly,  marshes  in  the  Ward  II  and  Ten  Hills  areas  were  filled,  often  for  the  construction  of  tenements.  The  paths  of  many  of  Somerville ,s  earliest  transportation  routes  survive  to the present;  during  the period  of  first  settlement,  from  ca.  1620 to  ca.  1676, native  trails were  improved  as  local  highways,  including  routes  from  the  Cambridge  border  east  along  present­day  Washington  Street  to Union  Square; west  from Union  Square  along  Bow  and  Elm  Streets  and  Somerville Avenue  to  Alewife  Brook;  and  north  from  Charlestown  along  Broadway,  around  Winter  Hill.  A highway  to  the  estate  of Governor John Winthrop  at  Ten  Hills  established  ca.  1631  led  northeast  from  Broadway.  With  the  division  of the  Stinted  Pasture  between  Broadway  and  Somerville  Avenue  in  1681­1685,  a  grid  continued 

N M Pom 10400* (MO) QMS AppfSVSr' WSi f09440ft National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  l  Page  i  Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  of north/south  rangeways  that  remains  to  this  day  was  laid  out.  Radial  routes  from  Union  Square,  the growing  town's  nucleus,  were  clearly  established  by  the  18th century.  Milk  Row,  now  Somerville  Avenue,  was the major  route to Charlestown,  used  throughout  the  18th  century  by  Somerville  dairy  farmers  delivering  their  products  for  market.  After  the  revolution,  the  construction  of  Boston  bridges  to  Cambridge  and  Charlestown  furthered  a  radial  turnpike  network  through  Somerville.  In  1803, the Middlesex  Canal  from  Charlestown  opened,  linking  Somerville  still  further  with  points  north  and  south.  Abandoned  in  the  1840s,  the  canal  was  supplanted  by  rail  lines  constructed  across  Somerville  to  a  .junction  at  Charlestown  (the  Boston  & Lowell  line  from Medford,  between  Winter  and  Prospect  Hills  [1835];  the  Fitchburg  line  from  Cambridge  around  Spring  Hill;  and  the  Boston  and Maine  line across the Mystic  River  [1845]).  The  Fitchburg  River  followed  the path  of  the  Miller's  River  landfill.  Street  railways  operated  by  the mid  19th  century  from  Charlestown  through  Union  Square  north  to  Medford  and  west  to  Cambridge.  Residential  subdivision,  spurred  by  convenient  public  transportation  routes to Boston,  added  new  streets to Somerville  during  the  early  industrial  period.  Somerville's  road  network  and  dense  settlement  pattern were  clearly  defined  by  the mid  19th  century.  Somerville was  for much  of  its history  a  town  with  a  considerable  amount  of  green  space.  As  the  dairy  farms  disappeared  in  the  late­19th  century,  civic­minded  Somerville  citizens  urged  the  town  to  set  aside  land  as  public  parks.  Three  parks­—Central  Hill  (1870),  Broadway  (1874),  and Nathan  Tufts  (1890)—were  established,  the  last  by  private  donation.  By  1900,  however,  only  52  of  Somerville's  2,400  acres  were  used  as  parkland.  Realtors  and  developers  successfully  protested  the  use  of  available  land  for  parks,  and  the  area  continued  to be  built  up  well  into  the  20th  century.  Large  estates  and  farms were  subdivided,  and  by  1880,  the  city's brickyards  were being built  over.  This pattern  of  continuous  building,  first  of  single­family  and  later  of multifamily  dwellings,  on  small  lots made  Somerville  the  most  densely  populated  city  in  Massachusetts  by  the  late  19th  century,  a dubious  achievement  that  still  holds  true  today.  Also  characteristic  of  present­day  Somerville  are  a  prevalence  of  synthetic  siding  sheathing  a  number  of  its early  buildings,  the  extensive  alterations  of  many  of  these  structures,  the  use  of  asphalt  and  concrete  covering  public  and  private  grounds  alike,  and  a  lack  of  trees  and  other  greenery  throughout  the  city.  With very  few  exceptions,  the  once  lovely  open  setting  of this  Boston  suburb  is no  longer  extant. 

N M form 104004 (MO) Much  of  Somerviiie's  housing  stock  was  created  in the  late  19th  century,  with  50% of  its units  constructed  between  1890  and  1910.  Single­family  houses  predominated  prior  to  1870;  after  1870,  two­family  houses were  introduced,  particularly  on  the  "courts"  or  short  streets  intended  for workers' houses.  Row housing,  adjacent  to the mid­19th  century  factories  of  Ward  II,  and  small  cottages  near  the  brickyards  were  constructed,  but  little  if  any  company­owned  housing  was built.  Rather,  company  owners  often  laid  out  speculative  subdivisions  and  built  houses  for  sale to  area  laborers.  While  today,  three  deckers  and  a variety  of  multiple  family  houses  built  for Somerviiie's  growing population  at the  turn  of the  century  dominate  the  city's  crowded  streets,  other  buildings,  primarily  residential,  from  earlier  periods  remain  scattered  across  the  landscape.  Gambrel­roofed  Colonial­period  houses,  porticoed . Greek  Revival  businessmen's  cottages,  slate­roofed  Second  Empire  rowhouses,  and  Queen Anne mansions  built  for  suburbanites  are  all  components  of  Somerviiie's  architectural  resources.  A  fine  collection  of  churches  and public  and  commercial  buildings  also  mark  Somerviiie's  19th  century  development  from  farmland  to  brickmaking  center  to an  industrial  city  and  Boston  suburb.  The  properties  nominated  as  part  of the Multiple  Resource Area  are  well­preserved  examples  of these  styles  and  forms,  retaining  the  architectural  integrity  and  historical  associations  that  have  survived  as  reflections  of  Somerviiie's  unique  development  patterns.  Somerviiie's  proximity  to  Boston's  urban  center  is  evident  in  its  late­19th  century  housing  stock,  and  it  shares many  of  bordering  Cambridge's  late­19th  century  building  traditions.  Wooden  frame  construction,  stock  millwork  and  ornament  provided  a  system  of  interchangeable  parts.  A  great  variety  of  details  and  themes,  scaled  to  a  cost  of the building,  could  be  added  to the  "typical"  house  of the  period.  In the  following  paragraphs,  key  and  representative  buildings  are  discussed.  Residential  buildings,  which  comprise  the majority  in  the  Multiple  Resource  Area,  are  discussed  first,  followed  by  industrial,  commercial,  and  ecclesiastical  structures.  OMMMMVtfMl fOttWfl Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  continued  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7  Page R

NPI Perm 10400* (MO) RESIDENTIAL  BUILDINGS  First  Settlement  (1630­17141  Houses  built  during  the  first  period  of  settlement  (1640­1725)  followed  the heavy  timber  frame construction  characteristic  of  the  Charlestown  settlement.  Steeply  pitched  gable  roofs  and  five­bay  facades with  central  entries  are  seen  on houses  in  old  photographs.  One  survives:  the Oliver Tufts House  at  78 Sycamore  (1714,  #169)  is  notable  as  Somerviiie's  oldest  documented  residence  despite  some  unfortunate  20th  century  alterations.  Its gable  roof was  modernized  to  a gambrel  form  sometime  in the mid  18th  century, ⊅ at  which  time  the  building  was  also  enlarged  from  its original  much  smaller  form  to  its present  five­bay  plan.  Earliest  buildings  of  Charlestown  "outside  the  Neck"  were  situated  along  Broadway,  Washington,  Milk Row,  and  a  few  of the  17th  century  rangeways  that marked  earliest  land  division.  Later  Colonial  Period  (1714­1775)  Georgian  Style  Some  of  Somerviiie's  eighteenth  century  dwellings  reflected  the  architectural  influence  of  Boston.  The  ca.  1770 hip­roofed  "Mansion  House"  of  Sir  Robert  Temple  at Ten Hills  (razed),  the  hip­roofed  Samuel  Tufts House,  formerly  at  478  Somerviiie Avenue  (1690,  razed),  and  the  1750  Stearnes  House  on Broadway  near George  Street  (razed)  all  exhibited  some  degree  of  Georgian  stylishness,  including  pedimented  doorways  and hip  roofs.  The  narrow  gambrel  roof  appeared  in Somerviiie  by  1750, and  two  remaining  houses  retain  relatively  undisturbed  rooflines:  one,  a  double house  at  35 Temple  St.  (ca.  1750­1780,  #170);  and  another  at  6  Kent  Court  (ca.  1750­1780,  #149).  Both  houses  were  moved  to  their  present  locations  from  unknown  sites  at the  turn  of the  20th  century.  Housemoving  is  an  early  and  enduring  characteristic  of Somerviiie's  historic  landscape.  Two  one­and­a­half  gable­roofed  houses with  a  "saltbox"  silhouette  are extant.  The Samuel  Ireland  House  at  117 Washington  St..  a  1  1/2­story,  gable­roofed  cottage whose  five­bay  facade  reflects  the  original  arrangement  of windows  and  doors,  is  documentable  to  ca.  1792  (#180).  It  is  the  earliest  house  remaining  along  Washington  Street  in the historic  Cobble Hill  area  of eastern  Somerviiie.  continued  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7  Page _fi 

N M Pom 104004 (MO) 0M9 Ap^^swsf WSi 90044090 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  7 Page 7 Somerville, Mass.  (MRA)  Another  small  dwelling  at  72R  Dane  Street  appears  to  be  a  mid­eighteenth  century  survivor  (#133).  It  is a  three­bay,  1  1/2­story  cottage  whose  low­pitched  roof  and  simple  millwork  confirm  its early  origins.  Federal  Period  (1776­1830)  Federal  Style  Somerville  has  few  surviving  examples  of  Federal­style  architecture.  The  Adams­Maaoun  House.  438  Broadway  (ca.  1783,  #119),  at  the  top  of Winter Hill, well  demonstrates  the  influence  of  the  Federal  style  as  expressed  through  a  traditional  four­room,  center­hall  Georgian  plan.  This  five­bay,  gable­roofed  house has  a  five­part  leaded  fanlight,  reportedly  one  of  the  earliest  in  the  Boston  area.  A  style­conscious  clientele  existed  in the  Winter  Hill,  Cobble Hill,  and  east  Somerville  areas.  The  finest  Federal  house  within  present­day  Somerville  was  the  1793  Joseph  Barrell  House,  designed  by  Charles  Bulfinch.  This  three­story  brick  mansion  was  built  for  a wealthy  merchant  of the period.  Razed  in  1896,  its  32­foot  flying  staircase  and mantels  are now  on display  at  the  Somerville  Historical  Society  (Westwood  Road  Historic  District).  At  least  one  other  stylish  Federal  house was built,  that  of  Edward  Cutter  on  Broadway  in east  Somerville.  This  five­bay,  three­story  brick  house,  built  ca.  1815,  had  the  flat balustraded  roof  and  carefully  modulated  fenestration  associated  with  the  work  of  Bulfinch  in Boston.  It too has been  demolished.  One  survivor,  a  fragment  of the  Cooper­Davenport  Tavern  (ca.  1806,  #136),  no  longer  retains  integrity  of  setting,  having  been  moved  to  12  Eustis  Street  in  southwest  Somerville  from  its  site  on  Massachusetts  Avenue  in adjacent  Cambridge  ca.  1888.  The main  block  of  the  tavern,  built  in  1757,  was  razed  at  the  same  time.  The  remaining  portion,  hip­roofed  with  a  four­bay  facade,  is  late  Georgian  in plan.  It retains  its original  Federal­period  entry  door  enframement,  with  slender pilasters, pedimented  lintel,  and  fan  (now  boarded  over).  Early  Industrial  Period  (1830­1870)  Greek Revival  Style  In the years  immediately  before  and  after Somerville  became  a  town  (1842),  a variety  of Greek Revival,  Gothic  Revival,  and  early  continued 

HH Perm 10-M0-* ( M l ) OM0 AppfWtf fOM*O0f0 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  7 Page  8 Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  Italianate  houses  were  built  in  both  agricultural  and  suburban  settings.  Along  the  rangeways  in the town's western  portion,  simple  five­bay  houses were built  by  Somerville  farmers.  In  portions  of  Winter  and  Spring  Hills,  stylish  Greek  Revival  houses  were  constructed  by  Boston businessmen  who  commuted  from  the  "suburb"  of  Somerville.  Several  pedimented  gable,  two­story  temple­front  residences  have  not  survived.  One  temple­front  cottage  with  overhanging  gable  survives  at  29 Mt. Vernon  Street  (ca. 1845, Mt.  Vernon  Historic  DistrictV.  The Mt.  Vernon/Perkins  Street  area  is  representative  of  one  of  Somerville's  earliest  residential  neighborhoods.  Subdivided  shortly  after  Somerville became  a town  in  1842,  it has  an  important  concentration  of three­bay,  Doric­columned  side­hall­plan  Greek Revival  houses built  for Boston  and  Charlestown  businessmen.  All  are  included  within  the  Mt.  Vernon  Historic  District.  Other unaltered  three bay  Greek  Revival  houses  are  the  Charles  Adams­Woodbury  Locke House.  178  Central  Street  (1845,  #121)  and  the  First Amos  Keyes House.  12 Adams  Street  (1845,  #100).  Both  are  well­preserved  examples  of  finely  detailed  side­hall­pla*n  dwellings.  An  entire  early  subdivision  of double  Greek Revival  houses  survives  on  Spring  Hill  off  Harvard  Street.  In  1843, George  Brastow  (who  became  Somerville's  first mayor  in  1872­1873)  commissioned  surveyor  Alexander  Wadsworth  to  lay  out  a residential  area  on the  southern  slope  of  Spring  Hill.  The grid­plan  subdivision was  built  up  with  at  least  seven  double houses.  All  had  full  Doric­columned  porches,  and  several  had  octagonal  cupolas  atop  the  ridgepole.  This  area  (nominated  as the  Spring Hill  Historic  District)  is also  the  site  of  the Round  House,  address, designed  by  local  inventor  Enoch  Robinson  (1856,  Spring  Hill  Historic  District).  The  Union  Square  area  in  western  Somerville  once had many  early  Greek Revival  dwellings  and  shops.  Three  survive  along  Somerville  Avenue.  They  are  the  last  remaining  historic  links  to  "Milk  Row,"  part  of the  road  to Cambridge  and  Medford  that  was  an  important  route  for  the  transportation  of  local  products  to the markets  of  Charlestown  and  Boston  in the  18th and  early  19th century.  Milk  Row  was  lined  with  eighteenth  century  houses,  some  of which  survived  into the  20th  century.  All  have  since been  razed.  Surviving  Greek  Revival­style  examples  of the mid­nineteenth  century  are  at  439­441R  Somerville  Avenue,  a  double  house  with  wide  corner  boarcls,  pedimented  gable,  and  an  exceptional  double  entrance  framed  by  pilasters, heavy  entablature,  and  3/4  sidelights  (1840,  #166),  and 

N M Pom 10400* (Ml) OMf*pM0Mft fOI+OOfl National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  7 Page 9 Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  437  Somerviiie  Avenue,  a three­bay,  gable­roofed  single­family  house  with  trabeated  gable  entrance  (ca. 1830­1840,  #165).  Gothic  Revival  Style  Few  of  the  Gothic  Revival­style  houses  set  in rustic  settings,  as  popularized  by  the  books  of  landscape  architect  Andrew  Jackson  Downing,  survive  in  an  unaltered  state.  The  Gothic  Revival  combination  of  cusped  bargeboards  and  lancet  windows  are  best  represented  by  a  modestly  scaled  brick  dwelling  at  197  Morrison  Street  (ca.  1860,  #153),  noted  also  for  full­width  Doric­columned  porch  and  a  floor­length  facade  window.  Unfortunately  the  1845  Gothic  Revival  work  of housewright  Joshua  Fernald  on  White  Street  has  had  some  alteration  and  the building  is not  eligible  for  the  National Register.  A "small, stuccoed,  side­hall­plan  house  at  8  Mt.  Pleasant  Street f  the  Daniel  Worthen  House  in the Mt Vernon  Street  District,  has  a  fancifully  decorated  cusped  bargeboard  and  foliated  porch  trim  (1860,  #154).  15  Spring  Street,  part  of the  Brastow  subdivision  in  the  Spring  Hill  Historic  District,  also  has  a  distinctive  cusped  bargeboard,  and  possibly  other  Gothic  features  are hidden  under  its asphalt  siding  (ca.  1845).  Vernacular  Workers' Housing  Brickmaking  was  a  major  Somerviiie  industry  in  the mid  to  late  nineteenth  century,  and  some  of  the  small  houses  built  near  the  brickyard  for yard  workers  survive  today.  One notable  collection  is  situated  on  Clyde  and Murdock  Streets, near  the  former  Boston  Brick  Company  lands  in northeastern  Somerviiie.  A high brick  foundation,  three­bay  facade,  and  simple  Greek  Revival  details  are  characteristic  of  these  structures.  The  best­preserved  example  stands  at  25 Clyde  Street  (ca. 1850,  #126).  Similar  buildings  are  found  in the  former brickmaking  areas  of Northwest  Cambridge.  Italianate  Style  Handsome  Italianate  homes were built  in  newly  developing  areas  of  Somerviiie  by  the  businessmen  of  the  1850s  and  1860s.  Surviving  early  examples  include  the houses  of hat  dealer  Charles  Williams  at  108  Cross  Street.  East  Somerviiie  (ca.  1855,  #132),  kitchen  furniture  dealer  Frank  Williams  at  37  Albion  Street  (ca.  1860,  #103),  and  baker  Samuel  Gaut  (ca.  1848­1860,  #145)  at  137  Highland  Avenue.  Trefoil  or  Palladian  windows  in  the  three­bay­facades'  center  gables  are  features  of these  early  examples.  The Gaut  House  also  retains  an  octagonal  cupola  at  the  ridge  line  and  a  side  loggia.  The  home  of Charles  Schuebeler.  jeweler,  at  384  Washington  Street  (ca.  1855,  #181),  is notable  for  its central  oculus  with 

NPi Pom 104004 (M6) carved  garland  surround.  Simpler  houses  with  cross  gables  and  glazed  oculi  are  found  throughout  the city  and  are best  represented  by  the well­conserved  structure  at  237  School  Street  (ca.  1860,  #164).  This  building,  the  Elisha  Hopkins House,  also  retains  its  full­width  porch with  turned  posts  and  trim.  One exceptional  example  of the  same early  Italianate  style  and  plan  (ca.  1858)  with  later Eastlake  additions  (ca. 1888)  is the  Charles  Williams  Jr. House  at  1 Arlington  Street  (#105).  An  elaborate  gable  screen  shielding  the  oculus window,  pedimented  entrance  porch  with  paired  columns,  and  overscale window hoods with  ornate  iron  cresting  were  all  Eastlakian  elements  added  in the  late  19th  century.  Somerville  retains  a  single  surviving  well­preserved  example  of  an  Italianate  villa—the  Alexander  Foster  House  at  45  Laurel  Avenue  (ca.  1860;  #150).  The three­bay  house with  front­facing  gable  and  square,  flat­roofed  tower,  is  typical  of  the  patternbook  villas  advocated  by  Andrew  Jackson  Downing.  Notable  features  include  paired  brackets, panelled  corner pilasters,  a roundheaded  window  in  the gable,  and  a  full­width  porch with  quadrant  struts.  Workers'  houses  in  the  1860s  and  1870s  were  also built  with  an  Italianate  architectural  vocabulary.  Typically,  the  house  of  the  period  is  one­and­a­half  or  two­and­a­half  stories, with  a  gable  roof  and  side­hall  plan,  and  projecting  one­  or  two­story  oriel.  Paired  or  single  brackets  at  eaves  and bracketed  door hoods  are  common.  Although  these buildings  were  produced  cheaply  and  with  stock  ornament,  some  evidence  interesting  craftsmanship.  The  Benjamin  Gage House.  81 Pearl  Street  (1865,  #156),  has  a  jigsawed  porch  frieze with punchwork pendant  brackets.  (A once­similar  house  at  79  Pearl  Street  has been  severely  altered,  and  no  longer  retains  integrity.)  Similarly,  the house  of brickyard  owner  George Wvatt  at  33 Beacon  Street  is evidence  of contemporary  interest  in  elaborate  and  high­style  ornamentation  (1860,  #114).  Its decorations  include  paired  scroll­sawn  brackets,  a prominent  dentil  course,  and  incised  pilasters  with  circular headings.  The  cast­iron  fence  fronting  the  property  is one  of  the  few remaining  in Somerville.  A  now  isolated  example  at  14 Chestnut  Street  (#125),  today  set  amidst  an  industrial  park,  is notable  for  its bracketed  entry  hood  and  flanking  punched  floral  panels.  Late  Industrial  Period  (1870­1915)  Second  Empire  Style  Second  Empire,  or  in the vernacular,  "Mansard,"  houses  were  continued  OHM Appro* Mft fOM40ff Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number   7  Page   1 0 

N M Perm 10400* am  translated  into  grand  houses  and  apartment  rows  as well  as workers'  rows and  cottages.  Many  substantial  Second  Empire  homes  were  built  throughout  Somerviiie  between  ca.  1865  and  1880.  Two  neighboring  houses,  the James H.  Brooks House  at  61 Columbus  Avenue  (#130),  and  the  S.  E.  Brackett  House  at  63  Columbus  Avenue  (#131),  both  built  ca.  1880, are  among  the  city's best  and most pretentious  examples  of  elaborate  Second  Empire  houses  with  corner  or central  towers.  Qf  particular  note  is  the  intact  flushboarded  facade.  scalloped  cornice,  and  applied  ornament  of  #63  and  the  ornate  cresting  at  #61.  Mansard­roofed  apartment  rows,  brick with  granite  trim,  were  built  on  Prospect,  Spring,  and  Winter  Hills.  The  best  examples  have  patterned  slate  roofs,  carved  stone  lintels,  and  bracketed  door  hoods.  192­200  Central  Street  (ca. 1880,  #122)  is a  well­maintained  five­unit  example,  tall  and  narrow with  full­height  polygonal  bays  and  a boldly  projecting  cornice.  A  similar unit  was  built  at  the  same  time  at  55  Adams  Street  (#102),  directly  behind  the  Central  Street  row.  Both were  financed  by  Cutler  Downer,  a Winter  Hill  real  estate  broker.  The  A.  J.  Loveioy  House.  30  Warren  Avenue  (1874,  #179),  is  an  example  of  a  fine middle­class  residence  built  in the  Second  Empire  style.  The  two­bay  house,  2  1/2  stories  in  height,  boasts  a  handsome  bracketed  entry  porch,  two­story  polygonal  bays  on  both  front  and  side  elevations,  and  round­arched  dormers  in  the  scallop­shingled  slate  roof.  The  property  also  retains  a  rare  Somerviiie  survivor—a  mansard­roofed  stable with  original  detailing  intact.  Less  pretentious  were  the  one­and­a­half­story  mansard­roofed  cottages  built  across  the  city,  often  as  inexpensive  workers' homes.  Some  are  well­crafted,  with  slate­covered  roofs,  elaborate  dormers  and  window  enframements,  and  applied  wooden  ornamentation,  as represented  by  34 Dav  Street  (ca.  1868,  #135)  and  200  School  Street  (ca.  1870,  #163).  Victorian  Suburban  Houses:  Tudor  Revival.  Queen  Anne.  Colonial  Revival,  and  Shingle  Style  Between  ca.  1885  and  1915, Queen Anne,  Colonial  Revival,  and  Shingle  Style  houses  contributed  to  Somerviiie's  last  major  wave  of  residential  building.  Many  Somerviiie  builders  began  to  advertise  their  services  at  this  time, and  some produced  handsome houses  of  wood  and  brick  construction.  Many  builders  appear  to have  used  the  many builder's  guides  of the period,  and many  have  derived  some  continued  QMS Aflpflfwsf Mk% f0ff440ff Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number   7  Page   1 1 

N M Porm 104004 QMf 4pprwtf Ma, fOMtfOf • United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerville,  Mass.  Section number 7  Page 12  (MRA)  inspiration  from  the work  of  local  architects  such  as George  Loring  and  Shepard  Woodcock.  George  Loring  and  Sanford  Phipps  produced  some  of  Somerville's  finest  nineteenth  century  residences,  working  in  the  medieval  English  style popularized  in England  by  Richard  Norman  Shaw,  and  Americanized  by  Henry  Hobson  Richardson.  Two  fine  examples  are  Loring's  own gambrel­roofed  house  atop  Central  Hill  at  76  Highland  Avenue  (1893,  #140),  featuring  mullioned  oriel windows, broad  massed  chimneys, and  steeply  pitched  roof,  and  the  Edward  Crane  House  at  152  Summer  Avenue  (1895, Spring Hill  Historic  District),  notable  for  its conical  corner  turret  containing  an  open  first  floor  entrance  porch,  and  a threaded,  panelled  brick  chimney  on the  facade.  Loring  was  also  responsible  for  the  Christopher  Rymes  House.  49  Spring  Street  (ca.  1883,  Spring  Hill  Historic  District).  a  substantial  Queen Anne­style  house with  irregular  massing  whose  gable  dormers  display  the  sunburst  motifs  so popular  in the  late  19th  century.  In  the  Prospect  and Winter  Hill  areas,  Loring  and  Phipps  designed  many  houses  in  the  Colonial  Revival  idiom,  with  a dormered  steep­hipped  roof,  and projecting  bays  at  either  side  of  a  central  entrance.  Several  houses  of  this  type  survive,  though  severely  altered,  on  Highland  Avenue,  once  one of Somerville's  most  majestic  residential  thoroughfares.  A  more  conventional,  less­literary  form  of the Queen Anne  style  was  produced  by  the  city's many  locally  known builders  to  good  effect.  On  Prospect  Hill,  two  houses  were  erected  by  Somerville  builder  Edwin  Blaikie:  the Louville  Niles House  at  45 Walnut  Street  (1890,  #177)  and  a  house  to  the  rear  (97 Monroe  Street,  ca.  1895,  #174)  financed  by  Boston  provisioner  Louville  Niles  for  speculative  purposes  display  the  Queen Anne hallmarks  of the period:  turrets,  oriels,  and  lavish use  of patterned  shingles  and  stained  glass.  The  Clifton  Bacon  House.  27  Chester  Street  (ca.  1885,  #124),  has  an  equally  fine corner  tower  topped with  a turned  finial.  Gambrel,  or gable­roofed,  houses  often  had  oriels  projecting  from  their  end  wall.  Turned  trusswork  and  stained  and  leaded  glass  decorate  the  exterior  of  some  of  these  houses.  The  Charles  H.  Lockhardt  House.  88  College  Avenue  (ca.  1890,  #128),  for  example,  home  of  an undertaker,  has  a projecting  second­story  bay with  curved  panes  of  stained  glass.  A  three­story  corner  tower with  conical  roof was  typical  of Somerville's  Queen Anne  style.  continued 

N M Perm 10400* am  As  in  the  earlier  Italianate  and  Greek  Revival  styles,  the  two­and­a­half  story,  side­hall  plan  was  a  type  widely  used  by  builders  of  Queen  Anne  houses.  Winter  Hill,  Spring  Hill,  and  Prospect  Hill were built  up  with  hundreds  of  similar  Queen  Anne  houses,  housing  a  well­to­do  class  of  businessmen  and  professionals.  An  exceptionally  well­finished  example  at  10  Arlington  Street  shows  the  potential  of  Queen  Anne  decorative  elements  on the  smaller house:  patterned  shingles,  turned  posts,  and  a  prominent  sunburst  in the porch  gable  (ca. 1895,  #106).  The  house  is otherwise  Italianate  in style, with  polygonal,  flat­roofed  bays,  drip  hood  molds  above  the windows,  shallow  cornice  returns  on  the  front­facing  gable,  and  paired  brackets.  Other  modest  but  finely  detailed  examples  of the Queen Anne  style  include  53  Hudson  Street  (ca.  1890,  #148),  the John  F.  Nichols House.  17 Summit  Street  (ca.  1890,  #167)  (especially  notable  for elaborate  jigsaw work  in  the gable  trusses  and porch  frieze board  and  balustrade),  and  two  similar  structures  at  81 and  85 Benton  Road  (both ca.  1890; #125  and  #116,  respectively).  The  latter may  both be the  work  of  the  same  builder,  Lemuel  Snow.  With  their  use  of patterned  shingling  and  applied  pendants  on  cornice  and  frieze,  the  two  buildings  are  similar  but  not  identical.  Number  81 also  features  a  single­bay  porch,  crossbanded  frieze,  and  heavy,  bulbous  turned  posts,  and  oversized  consoles,  supporting  the projections  gable, while  Number  85 displays  a  lighter  use  of decoration  in  its thin  turned  posts  and  delicate  jigsawed  struts  adorning  its semicircular  porch.  Queen  Anne  and  Colonial  Revival  ideas  filtered  into the design  of  the  standard,  speculatively  built  house  of the day.  Entire  sections  of  the  city  filled  with  near  identical  two­family  and  three­decker  houses.  Although  the  two­family  house  was  often  of  rather  uninspired  design,  usually  with  a broad  gable  or gambrel  roof  and  some  classical  detailing,  some  are  of  architectural  interest.  Somerviiie's  great  wave  of  multifamily  house  building  occurred  between  1890  and  1910.  In  the  Highland/Cherry  Street  area,  one  builder  of  the  1890s,  A.  D.  Rice,  left  his  signature with  an  abundance  of  jigsawed  and  turned  porch  work.  Approximately  one  dozen  houses  of  standard  plan and  elevation  are  richly  embellished  with pendant  brackets,  and  elaborately  turned  posts  and  spindles.  One  particularly  fine  example,  though  not  identified  as the work  of  Rice,  is at  343 Highland  Avenue  (ca.  1885,  #147).  The  first­  and  second  story  porches  are  embellished  with  elaborate  jigsawed  ornaments, but  the building  is otherwise  a simple  two­family  continued  0MS AppfSVS/ MSi VOS^*eOTS Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _J  Page 13 

N M Form 10400« ( M l ) residence with  paired  brackets  on  its  front­facing  gable  and  modest  dentilated  lintels  adorning  its  1/1  windows.  Multifamily  Housing  A  few  three­deckers  are  architecturally  outstanding,  comparing  favorable  to  the best  examples  found  in three­decker  "centers"  such  as Dorchester  and  Fall River.  A house  at  16  Preston  Street  with  Colonial  Revival­style  modillioned  cornice,  tiered  entrance  porches  with  carved  balustrades  arid spherical  newels  supported  by  clustered  colonnettes,  exemplifies  the  best  standard  Somerville  three­decker  construction  (ca.  1910,  #159).  Apartment  houses  and  rowhouses  of brick  construction  built  between  ca.  1883  and  1900  are  among  the  most  interesting  of  late­19th  century  buildings.  Many were built  by  speculative  builders.  The  1900  City  Directory  lists  45 apartment  hotels, boasting  names  such  as The Hotel  Grandview  and  The  Ideal.  Somerville's  apartment  houses  remain  the  best­crafted  frame  and  masonry  buildings  in the  city.  Two  late­19th  century  apartment  hotel/commercial  space  combinations  are  represented  by  the  Drouet  Block  (1898)  and  the Richmond  (1898)  in the  Bow  Street  Historic  District  (NR  1976)—both  are the  work  of  architect  Aaron  Gould.  Langmaid  Terrace.  359­365  Broadway  (ca.  1887,  #117),  is the  most  significant,  Somerville's  finest  example  of  a  Queen  Anne­style  apartment  row.  The  2  1/2­story  red brick  structure  is anchored  by  end  towers,  one pyramidal  and  one  conical.  A  central  pavilion  has  a  stepped,  Flemish­style  gable,  a  motif  repeated  over  the  dormer  windows.  The  exterior  is embellished  with  brick  and  terra  cotta  coursing.  Langmaid  Terrace  can  be  compared  to  the  fashionable  apartment  complexes  erected  along  Beacon  Street  in  Brookline  during  the  same  period.  Others  include:  28­36  Beacon  Street  (ca. 1880,  #113),  in which  each  of the  five units has  an  offset  pyramidal  tower  and  entry  porch  adorned  with  a  pierced  quatrefoil  design;  two  adjoining  structures  at  56­58 Walnut  Street  (ca.  1890,  #178)  and  4­6  Pleasant  Street  (ca.  1890,  #158),  both  prototypical  examples  of  Queen Anne­style  double  three­deckers  with  ornate  rooflines  and  classically  detailed  decorative  features; The Highland.  66  Highland  Avenue  (1892,  #139),  atop  Central  Hill,  representative  of  the  Richardsonian  Romanesque  style  and  well­crafted  in heavy  masonry  with  conical­roofed  turrets; and  The  Grandview.  82  Munroe  Street  (ca.  1896,  #155),  a  commanding  Colonial  Revival­style  frame  structure  prominently  located  on the  slope  of  Prospect  Hill.  continued  0MB AppffSVSf MSi f 0fl4*0Of % Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7  Page  ™ 

NMPorrn 10400*  OU§A***Ma. fOM*0tl United Stat** Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerviiie,  Mass.  Section number «z  Page J5  (MRA)  At  the turn  of the  century,  residential  construction  was  dominated  by  the  two­family  house,  but three  small  residential  developments  still  catered  to the  few  individuals  desiring  a  large,  single­family  house.  Hardware  dealer  Charles  Bradshaw's Westwood  Road,  brickyard  owner Nathan  Tufts'  Powderhouse  Terrace,  and  spice  manufacturer  Rufus  B.  Stickney's  School,  Dartmouth,  and  Thurston  Street  subdivision  were  the  site  of  some  of the  city's  finest  Shingle  and  Queen  Anne­style  buildings.  Lot  sizes  were  characteristically  small,  and houses were  sited within  several  feet  of  the  next,  with  little  or  no  rear  yard.  The well­preserved  group  of  18 houses  on  Westwood  Road,  the most  intact  of those  mentioned  above,  is  being  nominated  to  the  National  Register  as the Westwood  Road  Historic  District.  Although  the  developments  (on  former  brickyard  land)  of  moderately  priced  two­family  houses  at  Somerviiie  Highlands  (1905­1910)  and  Ten  Hills  (1917)  created  the  most  crowded  neighborhoods,  residents  of  the  elegant  enclaves  such  as  Westwood  Road  eventually  complained  about building  density  in their  areas  as  well.  Neither  such  closely  built  subdivision  practice  nor  the  construction  of three­deckers  were  restricted  by building  ordinances.  Residential  construction  after the turn  of the  century  continued  the  multi­family  Queen  Anne  and  period  Revival  tradition.  Entire  sections were  developed  with  the  same  house  type,  particularly  in  the  Ten Hills  and Mt.  Benedict  areas.  Few  single­family  houses  were  built  after  1910, with  three decker  courts  and  apartment  buildings  constituting  the  primary  residential  building  types  through  the  1920s.  Nonresidential  Buildings  With  one  exception,  there  are no documented  pre­Civil  War  shops  or  stores  still  extant.  Somerviiie's  early  trade  centers, near  "the  Neck"  and  in Union  Square, were  composed  of  undistinguished  small  frame  buildings.  One  small  building  in  Union  Square,  now  the  Midnite  Grocery,  is  indication  of  the  simplicity  of  the  mid­19th  century  commercial  buildings  and was probably  built  originally  as a  dwelling.  It  is  1 1/2  stories  in  height,  wood  frame,  with  Greek  Revival­style  cornice,  returns,  and  corner boards visible  above  two  storefront  windows.  With the growth  of  Somerviiie's major  commercial  centers  after  the  Civil  War  (Gilman,  Davis,  and  Union  Squares)  and  some  lineal  development  along  Broadway,  Somerviiie Avenue,  and  Highland  Avenue,  continued 

N M torn 10400* (MO) numerous  frame  and masonry  commercial  blocks  were  erected.  Those  that  remain  have been  for the most part  severely  compromised.  Union  Square's  frame business  blocks  of the period  include  the  Bow  Street  Historic  District  (NR  1976);  they  constitute  the best  surviving  examples.  Large blocks  in Davis and  Gilman  Squares have  been  razed  or  altered.  One  of  the best­preserved  late­19th  century  commercial  buildings  in  Somerville  is  the  Somerville  Journal  Building.  9  Walnut  Street  (1894,  #182).  Built  of  brick  with  Queen Anne­style  details,  the  structure  is representative  of  modest  business  blocks  erected  to  house  small manufacturing  companies  at the turn  of the  century.  The  well­lit  building  was  designed  to accomodate  new  printing  equipment  and  a modern  linotype  machine.  The  Hobbs  Building/Somerville  Theatre  (1914; MHC  #359).  prominently  located  at the  central  intersection  of Davis  Square,  is  typical  in  style  and  scale  to  the  few remaining  structures  of  its age  in  the  square.  In  addition  to  a  1200  seat  theatre,  the  building  was  designed  for  numerous  commercial  and  recreational  uses  including:  a  bowling  alley,  billiard  and pool  room,  a cafe,  23  businesses  which  included,  10 stores  along  the  street  level,  5 offices  and  a 750  seat  meeting  hall with  a dance  floor.  Its plan  is more  complex  than  the  other  five  theatres  that  existed  in  Somerville  by  1914 when  it  opened.  This  sole  survivor  of the vaudeville  era  in  Somerville  is  also  the  oldest  theatre  built  for  the purpose  of  showing  silent  movies  and vauderville  acts  in the  Boston  area  and was  the  possible  prototype  for  the  Strand  Theatre  (1918)  in  Dorchester,  designed  by  the  same  architects.  When  Somerville  separated  from  Charlestown,  five  schoolhouses  constituted  its  public  buildings.  By  1861, the  town had  twenty­two  school  buildings,  including  the Greek Revival­style  High  School  (now  City  Hall)  built  on Highland  Avenue  (#142)  in  1852.  Originally  a 2  1/2­story  brick  structure  with  engaged  monumental  pilasters  and  enclosed  pediment,  the building was vastly  expanded  in  1896 with  the  addition  of  a southern  rear wing,  also  2  1/2  stories  in  height  and  similar  in  its  detailing.  A  major  enlargement  took  place  in  1923­1924, when  a northern  wing was  added  and  a third  story  applied  to  the  original  portion.  At the  same time,  a clock tower,  spire,  and weathervane  were  also  added.  In  its  present  appearance,  the  building  remains  classic  in  style  and  detail,  but more  closely  resembles  the  Georgian  Revival  than the  Greek  Revival  style.  The  High  School  was  converted  to use as City  Hall  in  1871.  Central  Hill  continued  AppWSvaf PVSI f004*00f0 Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ Z _ Page

N»l form 1M00* ( M » AfRPrWaf MS* f 0»W*0Of J National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  7  Page 17  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  Park,  a  38­acre  green  space, was created  around  the High  School/City  Hall  and Revolutionary  War  fortification  sites  in  1870, the  first  of  Somerviiie's  parks.  In  1884, a  fine  Public  Library  designed  by  Somerviiie  architect  George  F.  Loring  was  constructed  on  Central  Hill.  The brick  and  terra  cotta  Romanesque  Revival­style  building  compared  favorably  to  the  late  nineteenth  century  libraries  designed  by  Henry  Hobson  Richardson.  This  building  was  replaced  by  the  present  Central  Library  at  79  Highland  Avenue  in  1913  (#141).  It was designed  by  Edward  L.  Tilton.  The  Renaissance  Revival­style  building,  its  design  completed  with  well­executed  classical  trim,  shows  the  influence  of  McKim,  Mead  and  White's  Boston  Public  Library  of  1888­1892,  and  remains  Somerviiie's  finest  public  building.  The  1909 West  Branch  Library.  40 College Avenue  (#127),  is of  Classical  Revival  style.  Designed  by McLean  and Wright,  it  is the city's  best  remaining  building  of  the  style.  Its  fine  entrance  portico  is  composed  of  a triangular  pediment  with  urns  and  acroteria  carried  by  Ionic  columns  and  broad  pilasters.  Similar  porticoes  on  banks  of  the period  have  been  altered.  A  fine  Victorian  Gothic­style  Police  Station  was built  in  1875  of  brick  and granite,  after designs by G. A.  Clough;  it  stands  within  the  Bow  Street  Historic  District.  The building  lost  its  mansard  roof  in the  1940s;  it  otherwise  retains  most  of  its  Gothicized  features  and  polychrome  brick  treatment.  Designers  of  subsequent  police  and  fire  stations  have  followed  early  twentieth  century  Classical  Revival  fashion.  The Mvstic  Water Works,  on Alewife  Brook  Parkway,  originally  owned  by  the town  of  Charlestown  and  now  owned  by  the  Metropolitan  District  Commission,  is  a  handsome  mansard­roofed  pumping  station  of  significance  to the  development  of  the  City  water  system  as  well  as a good  example  of  a  mid­century  Second  Empire  style building  (1864,  #104).  Somerviiie's  past  church­building  activity  shows  a  strong  tradition  of  architectural  excellence.  Fires  claimed  many  nineteenth­century  examples,  but  a number  of  fine  churches  survive  in  near­original  condition.  Several  are  of  particular  note.  The  Hartwell  and  Richardson  Congregational  Church  at  130 Highland  Avenue,  now home  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church  (1894,  MHC  #144),  is  an  imposing  structure  of  asymmetrical  plan with  a recessed  entrance  set within  a  Romanesque  arch  at  the base  of  a pyramidal  corner  tower. 

N M Pom 104004 ( M i ) Fenestration  is primarily  the  narrow  slits typical  of the  Romanesque  Revival  style.  The Winter  Hill  Congregational  Church.  404  Broadway  (1897,  MHC  #118),  is also the work  of Hartwell  and Richardson.  The  building  uses  a slate  fieldstone  finish  and  green  slate  tiles  to  achieve  a  Shingle  Style  appearance,  an unusual  and  costly  approach  to this popular  late  19th  century  style.  The  building  features  multiple  roof  lines  (pyramidal,  conical,  and  gable),  small  deep  windows,  and  a corner bell  tower.  The  First  Universalist  Church.  125  Highland  Avenue  (1916­1923,  MHC  #143),  was  the  only  local  example  of the work  of noted  ecclesiastical  architect  Ralph  Adams  Cram.  Built  of  stucco,  terra  cotta,  and  brick.  Cram's  church  is  Italian  Romanesque  in  inspiration.  The  Romanesque  Revival­style  Prospect  Hill  Congregational  Church  (1887),  the work  of H.  S.  McKay,  is part  of the  Bow  Street  Historic  District.  ARCHAEOLOGY  No  prehistoric  archaeological  sites  are  currently  recorded  in  Somerville.  Given  the  city's  location  between  the Mystic  River  and  Alewife  Brook,  and  the  volume  as  well  as  diversity  of  natural  resources  available  from the tidal marshes  along  both  the Mystic  and  Millers  Rivers,  native  occupation  in  Somerville  must  have  been  extensive.  Unfortunately,  the massive  amount  of  land  alteration  and  intensity  of  later historical  development  appears  to  have  destroyed  many  of  the  potentially  sensitive  areas.  Despite  these  losses,  significant  prehistoric  sites  may  yet  survive,  especially  along  Alewife  Brook  and wetland  margins  now buried  under  later  fill.  Any  sites that  do  survive would  be  significant  in  helping  to  document  the patterns  of prehistoric  activity  in  Somerville.  There  is  a  potential  for  significant  historical  archaeological  deposits  around many  of the  individual  properties  and within  the  Mt.  Vernon  and  Spring  Hill  districts.  Occupation­related  features  (privies, wells, trash  pits)  may  help  to  document  the  changing  social,  cultural,  and  economic  patterns  that  characterized  the  community  during  the  18th and  first  half  of  the  19th  centuries.  Archaeological  investigations  may  also  help  to  document  some  of  Somerville's  early  industrial  activities,  such  as the  Runey  Pottery  (Cross  Street)  and  the  Union  Glass  Company.  A  portion  of  the  Middlesex  Canal  (1803)  appears  to  survive beneath  Foss  Park.  continued  AppWBvaf WSi f ©04*O0f 6 Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ z _  Page  i« 

N»l form (MO) OMB AppfWaW Ms* f0944090 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number I Page_ia  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  METHODOLOGY  The  survey  on which  this nomination  is based  was  carried  out  between  January  1980 and January  1981.  It  is  broadly  architectural  and  historical  in  focus,  but  deferred  non­architecturally  significant  structures  to  "local"  survey  use.  It  does  not  include  actual  archaeological  sites,  although,  as  indicated  above,  Massachusetts  Historical  Commission  staff  believes  that  some  potential  sites  may  indeed  exist  and  that  some  archaeological  remains  are  possible.  The  survey  and  study  was  conducted  by  Carole  Zellie,  an  architectural  historian  employed  by  the  city.  Industrial  sites  were  surveyed  by  Peter  Stott,  an  industrial  archaeologist,  and  HAER  inventory  forms  filed  where  appropriate.  Every  street  in  Somerviiie  was  viewed  for  structures  of  architectural  significance.  Approximately  1200  structures were  noted  in the  survey,  and  forms  completed  for  approximately  900.  Additionally,  area  forms  were  completed  for historically  of geographically  significant  areas  (e.g.  speculated  subdivisions)  and  some were used  to designate  districts.  Town histories,  historical  photographs,  manuscripts,  biographical  records,  business  directories,  and  plat  maps  provided  this  information  and  are noted  in the  bibliography.  Somerviiie  has  already  had  several  resources  listed  in  the  National  Register.  Powder  House  Park, donated  to the  city  in the  late  19th  century  and  containing  within  it  an  intact  early  18th  century  powderhouse,  was  listed  in  1975.  The Martin  Carr  School,  located  in  Spring  Hill, was  listed  in  1984  and was  converted  to  residential  use  according  to  the  Secretary  of  Interior's  Standards  for  Rehabilitation.  And  the  Bow  Street  Historic  District,  Somerviiie's  most  intact  commercial  district,  was  listed  in the National  Register  in  1976.  Three  other historic  districts  and  79  individual  buildings  are  included  within  the present  nomination.  The districts  include  Spring  Hill Historic  Distict,  Somerviiie's  largest  and  most  intact  early  19th  century  residential  district,  and  the Mt. Vernon  Historic  District,  a  small  collection  of  modest,  well­preserved  Greek  Revival­style  houses,  and  Westwood  Road  Historic  District,  a  neighborhood  of  21 shingle  and period  revival  style houses  developed  at  the  turn  of  the  century.  Only  buildings  which  serve  as  outstanding  examples  of  particular  architectural  styles  or  as  characteristic  building  types  associated  with  important  local  persons  or the  development  of particular  areas  have  been  nominated  individually. 

N M POftn 10*00* OMi AffVtVOi Mfc fOM40fl ( M l ) ' * United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet 7  ~  Somerville,  Mass.  Section number   1  Page  (MRA)  All properties  included  in the  nomination  were  identified  in  the  survey.  Through  the  course  of  its  350 year history,  Somerville  has  contained  excellent  high­styled  examples  of  architectural  styles  popular  in  Cambridge  and  Boston.  Unfortunately,  few  still  survive.  Somerville's  late­19th  century  two­family  houses  and  triple  deckers  have  left  a  stamp  of uniformity  which  did  not  exist  prior  to  1880.  This nomination  mentions  surviving  buildings  in the  context  of  what  was  built,  as well  as what  remains.  In the  19th  century  Somerville  had  a substantial  class  of wealthy  residents who were  interested  in  architectural  fashion  and  hired  architects  and  a group  of  builders  and  craftsmen  who  enthusiastically  used  the pattern books  and  stock  millwork  available  to  them.  House builders  after  1850 were  often  speculators; both  real  estate men  and  carpenter­contractors.  Several  architects  resided  in Somerville when  it  became  a  town  in  1842.  However,  architects  are  not  documented  in  the design  of  individual  buildings  until  after  1870, with  the notable  exception  of  Charles  Bulfinch's  design  for  the  1792  Joseph  Barrell  house  at  Asylum  Hill,  a  fine  Federal  house  no  longer  extant.  Shepard  Woodcock,  one  of the  earliest  architects,  had  an  extensive  regional  practice  in both  architecture  and  landscape  design.  George  Loring,  of  Loring  and  Phipps,  is credited  with  numerous  Somerville  houses  of  the  late  1880s  and  1890s as well  as churches  and  schools.  Hartwell  and  Richardson  are  credited  with  the design  of the  First  Unitarian  Church  on Highland  Avenue  and  the Winter  Hill  Congregational  Church  on  Broadway,  both  imposing  late­19th  century  buildings. 

SQERVILLE. MASS. (ERA) 8. Statement of Significance Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: I I nationally n statewide [JO locally Applicable National Register Criteria  GO A  D b ffic  I  Id Criteria Considerations (Exceptions)  [Z]A [X]B  Q c [HID  Q e  [Z|f  I  Ig  Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) F^gd-^jjignificance Sjgggicant Dates J™*ms  INDUSTRY Culturaraiiation m  Significant Person Architect/Builder n/a  m  1830-1870 -1835- i87^ 1920 State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above. fjjl See continuation sheet

Perm 104004 M M Apprmf MO. fOttOOfl |SrOT}  United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerville, Mass..  Section numbsr 8  Pays   1  (MRA)  8.Significance  The  Somerville Multiple  Resource  area  contains  3  districts  and  79  individual  properties,  for a total  of  200 properties.  One of  these  districts, the  Bow  Street  Historic  District,  was  listed  on  the  National  Register  in  1978.  The  major  themes  and  periods  of  significance  identified  for  Somerville  trace  its  evolution  from  agricultural  settlement  to dense  Boston  suburb  over  the  course  of 2  1/2  centuries.  Somerville's  cultural  resources,  as  identified  within  the Multiple  Resource Area,  range  from  Georgian  farmhouses  to  mid­19th  century  housing  for  Boston  businessmen  to  brickworkers'  dwellings  and  elegant  apartment  blocks.  Many  buildings  in  this  nomination  have been  moved,  however,  they  have  maintained  their  integrity  and  contributing  characteristics.  The  majority  of  properties  proposed  for nomination, are residential  buildings  erected  after  the  Civil  War,  during  Somerville ,s  decades  of  greatest  growth.  Scattered  across  the  city,  the  nominated  properties  stand  in  a  community  that  appears  superficially  to be  a densely  settled  city developed  rapidly  and haphazardly  at the turn  of  the  century.  Within  the  context  of this  intensive  late development,  and  extensive  alterations  to many  early  buildings,  the properties  nominated  to  the  National  Register  as  part  of  the Multiple  Resource Area  are  rare  survivals.  Retaining  integrity  of  location,  design,  materials,  workmanship,  feeling,  and  association,  the  Somerville  Multiple  Resource Area  fulfils  Criteria  A,  C and  exception  B of  the  National  Register  of Historic  Places.  First  Settlement.  1630­1658  Somerville  was  originally  a  portion  of  Charlestown,  settled  in  1629­1630.  It was known  as  the area  "outside  the  Neck"  or  "beyond  the  Neck,"  for  it  lay  beyond  the  Charlestown  peninsula.  Until  grants  of  land were made  to  individuals  in  1658,  the  mainland  area  beyond  the  narrow  neck of  Charlestown,  including  this  cow  commons,  was  largely  uninhabited.  John Wolrich,  an  Indian  trader  who  lived  near  present­day  Washington  and  Dane  Streets  in Somerville,  and  Governor  John Winthrop,  who was granted  the  600­acre Ten  Hills  farm  in  1631,  were  among  the  few  original  settlers.  Two  roads,  Washington  Street  (the Road  to Newton,  1630)  and  Broadway  or  Winter  Hill  Road  (the Road  to Medford,  1637),  radiated  from  the  peninsular  Charlestown  settlement  near  City  Square,  through  Somerville,  skirting  the  area's  marshland.  Much  of the present­day  Somerville  area was used  as  a common  grazing  land,  known  as the  "Cow*  Commons."  In  1637, the  land  between  the Winter  Hill  Road  and  Charlestown  Lane  continued 

N»l Form 104004 (MO) (Somerville Avenue)  was divided  into  rights  of  pasturage,  the  land  being  reserved  as  common  land  for  "milk cows, working  cattle,  goats,  and  calves."  Colonial  Period.  1659­1775  The  Cow  Commons  became  the  "Stinted  Pasture"  in  1656,  when  it  was  apportioned  among  Charlestown  residents,  and  individual  family  farmsteads,  rather  than  collectively  held  fields,  began  to  be  prevalent.  In  1681  and  again  in  1685,  when  the  lands  between  Washington  Street,  Somerville Avenue,  Broadway,  and  Elm  Street  were  divided  into  1  1/4­mile­wide  lots,  with  numbered  rangeways  corresponding  to the  cross  streets  today  known  as  Franklin,  Cross,  Walnut,  School,  Central,  Lowell,  Cedar, Willow,  Curtis,  and  North.  Many  of these  rangeways were  only  rutted  paths  and were  not  improved  as  public  roads  or  streets  until  the  1850s  or  1860s.  Some,  in  western  parts  of  Somerville,  were  unimproved  as  late  as  1890.  Today,  these  streets  remain  as  highly  visible  indications  of  the  early  agricultural  land  division  pattern.  Winthrop's  farm  at  Ten  Hills  was  the  most  extensive  tract  held  by  an  individual.  Somerville  dairy  farms  in  the  colonial . period  supplied  milk  and  cheese  to  Charlestown  and  northern  parts  of  Eioston.  The  road  to  Charlestown,  known  as Milk Row,  ran past  several  large  farms  and  was  the  main  route  through  Somerville  for transport  of  farm  products  from the west  of  Boston.  Milk Row  is now  Somerville  Avenue.  Although  Charlestown's  settlers  established  mills,  lime  kilns,  and  fish  weirs, the  exact  location  of these  early  industries  outside  the  Neck  is  not  well  documented.  Still  standing,  however,  is  a  stone­walled  gristmill,  later  known  as  "the Powderhouse," built  at a  quarry  site  ca.  1703  near the  western  section  along  the  Road  to  Medford,  now  Broadway  (NR  1975).  Somerville's  river  location  and  prominent  hills  gave  it  strategic  importance  in the  area's  defense  against  the  British,  beginning  in  1774  with  the  storage  of  powder  in the gristmill  on Quarry  Hill.  British  soldiers  skirmished  in  Somerville  in  April  of  1775;  and  several  were  killed  in the  retreat  from  Concord  along  Elm  Street  and  Somerville Avenue  in the  "skirmish  of Milk Row."  Ploughed  Hill  (Mt.  Benedict),  Prospect  Hill,  Cobble  Hill,  and  Winter  Hill  were  fortified  during  the  revolution,  and  remnants  of  the  breastworks  existed  until  the mid­twentieth  century.  OMf AflWVVftfN*, fOMffrl Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number   8  Page   2 

N M Perm 10400* ( M l ) 0M9 AppflSWf MSi f 044*00f 9 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  8 Page 3 Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  Residences,  primarily  in  the  form  of  scattered  farmhouses  near  the  rangeways  and  along  Somerviiie  Avenue  (Milk  Row),  were  simple  structures.  Only  about  a dozen houses were  constructed  during  the  first  seventy  years  of  settlement,  most  scattered  along  Charlestown  Neck  on  Broadway,  Washington  Street,  and  Somerviiie  Avenue,  with  more  farmsteads  added  during  the early  and  mid  18th  century.  Any  concentration  of  structures  was  likely  situated  in the  present­day  Union  Square  area  at  the  intersection  of  Bow  and  Washington  Streets.  One documentable  pre­Revolutionary  dwelling  survives  at  78  Sycamore  Street  (#169)  on Winter Hill, built  ca.  1714­1719  by  farmer  Nathaniel  Matson  on  a  large  agricultural  tract  on Winter Hill.  By  1770,  the  area  "beyond  the Neck" was  also  chosen  as the  site  for  the  houses  of  several  prominent  individuals  from  Boston  and  a  small  number  of  Charlestown  merchants.  These  men  made  the  journey  to  Boston  or  Charlestown  by private  coach  or by walking  the poor  roads  of the day.  The handsomest  of  these  houses  was  said  to  be  the  mansion  of  Sir  Robert  Temple,  built  on  a  section  of  Governor  Winthrop's  farm  near  present­day  Temple  Street.  The  hip­roofed  building  with  pedimented  Georgian  entry  reflected  the  architectural  influence  of nearby  Boston  (the building  was destroyed  in  1877).  Early National  Period.  1775­1842  The Adams­Magoun  House,  a  five­bay  federal­style  residence built  ca.  1783,  is  the  last  surviving  18th  century  house  on  Broadway.  The  Adams  family's  71­acre  farm  was  one  of  a  number  of  farmsteads  established  in  this  section  of Somerviiie  in the  late  18th  century.  A  far more modest  late  18th century  residence  ­to  survive  along  an  early  roadway  is the  Ireland  House  at  117 Washington  Street  (#180),  formerly  a  busy  route  between  Charlestown  and  Cambridge.  The  five­bay,  1  1/2­story  building  was  constructed  ca.  1792.  Its  location  in the  Cobble  Hill  area placed  it also  along  the  route  to  Joseph  Barrell's  estate.  In  1792, on  Cobble  Hill, merchant  Joseph  Barrell  built  a brick  mansion  on  landscaped  grounds  designed  by  Charles  Bulfinch.  (In  1816,  the  Barrell  House was purchased  by  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  for use  as McLean's  Asylum.  The  site  was  eroded  by  the construction  of extensive  rail  yards  in the  1860s  and  eventually  razed.)  After  the Revolution,  the  area  of  Charlestown  "beyond  the  Neck"  experienced  growth  of  its  industries  and  agriculture.  Four bridges,  built  in  1786,  1793,  1787, and  1809, united  Cambridge,  Charlestown, 

N»l Perm 104004 (•46) OMB Ap^AN^tf MSi f 0ff4*00f o) National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ S _ P a g e _ ! _  somerville,  Mass.  and  Boston.  New  bridges  and  roads  facilitated  the movement  of  materials  and  finished  products,  as  Charlestown  and  surrounding  towns were  drawn  closer to Boston.  Private  entrepreneurs  from  centers  such as  Boston,  Lowell,  and  Charlestown  planned  and  financed  a  series  of tollroads, bridges, and,  in  1793, a canal—the  Middlesex  Canal—linking  Boston  and  Charlestown  with  northern  Middlesex  County.  Increased  agricultural  and  commercial  traffic  were  channeled  through  the mainland  of Charlestown  Neck  and  present­day  Union  Square.  But  the tollroads were usually  poorly  built  and  often  ended  in disaster  for  their  investors.  The  canal—27  1/2  miles  long,  30  feet  across,  and  4  feet  deep—was  designed  to  connect  the  Merrimack  River  in Lowell with  the Mystic  River to the  southeast,  in  Medford,  and  then  to  continue  on to Boston.  In December  1803,  the  canal  opened  as  far as the  northern  sections  of  Charlestown,  now  Somerville.  It  bisected  the  claylands  of the Ten Hills  area.  The  canal  could  be  navigated  eight months  each  year  and  carried  both  freight  and  passengers.  In  1803, the Medford  Turnpike  (now  Beacon  Street)  completed  the  radiating  system  of  routes  that  served  to  link  northern Middlesex  County with  Charlestown  and  thence  Boston.  At  the  intersection  of  several  turnpikes  and  roads. Bow  Street  and  Union  Square were built  up  with  stores,  taverns,  and  houses  and  functioned  as  the  town  center,  although  the  eastern  section  of  Broadway  just  over  the  Neck  had  a  considerable  collection  of  nonresidential  buildings  as  well.  Bow Street,  the  site  of  taverns  and wheelwrights' shops  in the  late  18th  and  early  19th  centuries,  has no extant  structures  that  date to  earlier  than  ca.  1858.  Early  industrial  development  in the  area  included  the  establishment  of the  Charlestown  (later  Middlesex)  Bleachery  on  Milk  Row  (ca.  1820),  which  dyed  the  cotton  and woolen  yarns brought  to them  and  bleached  and pressed  the  finished  goods.  It was  one  of  the  first  firms  in  the  area  to use  steam power  in  its processing  plants.  The  largest  nonagricultural  employer  in  Somerville  for  seventy  years  after  the  Revolution  were  the  area's  brickmakers.  A  number  of  brickyards  commenced  operation  near the  clay­filled  shores  of  the  Mystic  River  and  the  lowlands  of Strawberry  Hill, now  known  as Ward  II beginning  ca.  1840.  Loammi  Baldwin's  1829  "Plan  of the  Middlesex  Canal"  noted  the  existence  of  eight  brick  kilns  adjacent  to  the  Medford  Turnpike  (now Mystic  Avenue),  the canal,  and  Broadway.  In  the  mid  1830s,  Col.  Samuel  Jacques  purchased  the Robert  Temple  property  and  operated  first  a  large­scale  stock  farm  and  then  a  brickyard  there.  Bricks  were molded  by hand  throughout  Somerville  until  the  introduction  of  steam­powered  presses  in the  1850s.  continued 

NM Form 10400* OMf tHwai  m, f M M O f i (S aSS) United StatM Department of the interior National  Park  Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerviiie,  Mass.  8sctlon number   8  Pegs   5  (MRA)  Most  of  Somerviiie's  early  19th  century  residences  were  simple  structures.  Between  1800  and  1842,  the  town's  population  of  brickmakers,  farmers,  and  shopkeepers  were  housed  in  dwellings  constructed  by  the previous  generations  of  farmers  and  laborers  and  in  a  few  new  houses.  Gable  roofs  with  short  eave  returns  were  characteristic.  Exterior  decorative  trim  was  modest,  usually  confined  to  a  simple  pedimented  entry  derived  from  the  Federal  style.  Few dwellings  from this  period  remain  intact.  Among  the  early  survivors  are  a  three­bay,  1  1/2­story  house  built  ca.  1830­1840  (#165),  which  now  stands  at  437  Somerviiie  Avenue,  it  was  moved  from  an  unknown  site  early  in  the  20th  century,  and  the  three­bay,  two­s;tory  Russell  House  at  58 Sycamore  Street  (ca.  1835,  #168),  located  on property  originally  belonging  to the Tufts  family,  whose  house  stands  nearby.  Sycamore  Street  developed  primarily  as  the  road  to the Tufts  House.  In  1835,  railroad  construction  by  the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  commenced  "beyond  the  neck," despite  opposition  by,  brickyard  owners  and  brick  carriers who  feared  that  the  railroad  would  destroy  their  trade by  opening  up  competitive  new  territory.  The  railroad  cut  a  diagonal  path  through  the  eastern  section  of the mainland,  skirting  the northern  slope  of  Prospect  Hill  and  the  southern  slope  of  Winter  Hill.  The  Charlestown  Branch,  later  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  was  built  between  Boston  and  Fresh  Pond  in Cambridge  in  1841.  Its  route  followed  Milk  Row  and  created  a  corridor  which  subsequently  attracted  a variety  of  industries.  In  1843, the  Fitchburg  Railroad  began  passenger  service  and  consequently  opened  the  southern  slopes  of  Prospect  and  Spring  Hill  to  residential  development  (many  of  these  structures,  built  between  1842  and  1870, are being  nominated  to the  National  Register  as  part  of  the  Spring  Hill  Historic  District;  see  below).  The  Boston  and  Lowell  and  the  Fitchburg  were  the  only  railroads  in  the  area  prior  to  the  incorporation  of  Somerviiie  as  a town  in  1842.  Collections  of  small  houses  for brickyard  and  factory  workers  were  built  near  the  clay  yards  and  factory  sites  (near Washington  Street,  Somerviiie  Avenue,  and  off  Lowell  Street  near  Broadway)  joined  the  farmhouses  along  and  near  the  rangeways  by  the  middle  of  the  19th  century.  A  late  example  of  a brickyard  workers' cottage  (ca. 1850,  #126),  near  the  site  of  the  former  yards  of  the  Boston  Brick  Company,  remains  at  25 Clyde  Street.  The  three­bay  facade  and  high  brick basement  of this  residence  bear  a strong  resemblance  to  the  continued 

NPt form 104004 (MO) brickyard  workers'  housing  of  nearby  Cambridge.  Despite  the  large­scale  production  of  brick  in  Somerville,  brick was never  a  popular  building  material  for residential  construction  in the  town.  Early  Industrial  Period f  1842­1872  Local  farmers had  in  1824 unsuccessfully  sought  separation  for  the  area  "beyond  the  Neck,"  protesting  the  taxation  of their  rural  settlement  for the  improvement  of peninsular  Charlestown.  In  1842,  a  coalition  of  farmers'  and  businessmen—"suburbanites"—succeeded  where  the  farmers  alone had  failed.  This  second  group  of  farmers  included  men  who  were  actively  engaged  in providing  the  expanding  urban  area with  farm products,  rather  than  in  maintaining  isolation  from  the;  growing  center  of  activity.  The  businessmen  in  the  group—often  merchants—were  encouraged  by  the  economic  opportunities  of  the  railroad  and  other  transportation  improvements.  The  new town was  first  to  be  called  "Warren,"  in  memory  of  Dr.  Joseph  Warren,  a hero  of the  Battle  of  Bunker Hill,  but  the name  "Somerville" was  later  decided  upon,  for  an  unknown  reason.  At  the  time  of  separation,  there were  1,013  residents, many  employed  in Charlestown  or  Boston.  In  1842,  Somerville  still  consisted  primarily  of  farms, brickyards,  and marshes, with  a  few  bleacheries  and  foundries  near  Somerville  Avenue  (Milk  Row)  and  Washington  Street.  Although  most males were  engaged  in  farming  or  brickmaking,  other professions  (including  artisans,  produce  dealers,  teamsters,  merchants,  blacksmiths,  and  builders)  were  also  represented.  Efforts were made  to  attract more  industries  and  workers  into  the  area  by  advertising  the  opportunities  of the new  town  in the  local  newspaper.  226  pupils  attended  Somerville's  four  one­story  schoolhouses.  In  1842, Somerville  also had  a pound,  an  engine  house  with  one  engine,  and  a cemetery  (#800,  founded  1804).  The  recently  incorporated  town  attracted  new  residents,  including  businessmen  and  gentlemen  farmers.  A  number  of them  operated  small  orchards  on their property:  a  few apple  trees  on  Spring  Street  in  the  Spring  Hill  Historic  District  are  one  remnant  of  this  small­scale  agricultural  activity.  By  1850, Somerville's  population  had  grown  to  3,524; by  1860, to  8,025.  continued  0MB AfRPrWa/ M0i f0044094) Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet o 5 Section number  Page 

N»t Pom 1M0O* (Mt) Although  Boston was close by,  rail  and  horsecar  service  were  not  available  to  most  who worked  in Boston because  of their high  cost.  Despite  the  construction  of numerous  toll  roads and bridges, and  the  introduction  of  public  transport  to Boston  (in  1841, as  mentioned  above),  walking  remained  the  primary  mode  of  travel  between  Somerviiie  and  Boston  until  the  Civil  War.  Only  the  wealthiest  members  of the  community  used  available public  transportation  on  a  regular  basis,  and  true  "commuting"  did  not  begin  for  several  decades.  In  general,  merchants  who  moved  to  Somerviiie  were  motivated  by  factors  other  than  convenience.  A  suburban  location  and  cheaper  land,  often purchased  directly  from  farmers,  provided  a  successful  entrepreneur  with  the  opportunity  to  construct  a  substantial  residence  in a picturesque  setting,  one  that  might  not  have been  affordable  in  Boston.  Residential  subdivision  activity  began  in  the  early  1840s.  Cambridge  and  Charlestown  land  speculators  subdivided  sections  of  Winter  Hill,  Spring  Hill,  and  East  Somerviiie  by  1847, and  clusters  of Greek Revival  businessmen's  houses  soon  appeared.  The Mt.  Vernon  and  Spring  Hill  areas were  two  such  subdivisions.  Mt. Vernon  Street  in East  Somerviiie  (nominated  to the National  Register  as  the  Mt.  Vernon  Street  Historic  District)  was platted  in  1845  adjacent  to  the  Charlestown  line  and  the passenger  station  of the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad.  With  its houses  sited  on rather  small, narrow  lots  (80 x  100  feet),  this  neighborhood  began  the  town's  pattern  of  dense  residential  development.  Its  1  1/2  and  2  1/2  story  houses  were  simple,  side­hall­plan  single  family  dwellings, with  excellent  Greek  Revival­style  detailing  and  Doric­columned  porches.  Most  were  probably  the work  of the  same  builder  (name  unknown).  Among  the  earliest  residents were  Ebenezer  Davis,  a Boston marine  inspector  (8  Mt. Vernon  Street,  ca.  1840­1850)  and  Harrison  Hutchins,  a  bleachery  manager  (16 Mt. Vernon  Street,  ca.  1850).  Spring  Hill  (nominated  as the  Spring  Hill  Historic  District),  a  much  larger  area whose present  appearance  is the  result  of  several  phases  of  suburban  development,  was  laid  out  by  surveyor  Alexander  Wadsworth  in  1843, on  land belonging  to  real  estate  developer  (later  Somerviiie's  first  mayor)  George  Brastow.  Wadsworth  was well  known  throughout  the  Boston  area  for the picturesque  suburban  developments  and  informal  garden  cemeteries  (including  Mt.  Auburn  Cemetery,  Cambridge,  1831),  that  he designed.  The  land  for  the  Spring  Hill  development  had  been  part  of  a large  farmstead  and  used  as  grazing  land.  The  site was  a  large  area  located  on  a sloping  hill  above  continued  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  «  Page  ? 

NPt Form 1040M ( M l ) OM9 A^PrWtf Mfc\ f OP^OeMO National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  &  Page_8 Somerville, Mass.  (MRA)  Somerville  Avenue  and  the buildings  of the Middlesex  Bleachery  and  Dye Works.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill,  trains  provided  service  to  Boston.  The  core  of  Brastow's  speculative  development  was  eight  Greek Revival­style  double houses  of near­identical  appearance  built  ca.  1848.  Several  retain  their  original  cupolas.  The  building's  owners  appear to have been produce  dealers, provision  suppliers,  and  local  manufacturers.  Single­family  dwellings  were  added  over  the  next  several  decades,  representing  succeeding  popular  styles  of  architecture,  including the  Italianate  and  the Gothic  Revival.  With  increasing  subdivision,  land  values  rose  throughout  much  of  Somerville.  Land  that  had  sold  for  $50­$100  per  acre  in  1842  increased  to  $2000  to  $3000 per acre by  1855.  Somerville's  hills were well­suited  for the  construction  of  "Gothic"  cottages  as  well  as  "Italian"  villas.  Andrew Jackson  Downing's  publications,  such  as Cottage  Residences  (1842),  and  "a  number  of  plan  books  provided  architects  and  builders  with  plans  and  elevations  for asymmetrical,  square­towered  houses  modelled  on  the  country  residences  of  rural  Italy.  Round­arched  windows  and  bracketed  eaves  and windows hoods were  characteristic  trim  details.  In  I860,  Alexander  Foster,  a lumber  dealer, was  among  the  first  to  build  a pretentious  Italian villa  on the  southern  slope  of  Spring  Hill  (45 Laurel Avenue,  #150).  Versions  of  the  Italianate  style were popular between  ca.  1855  and  1875.  Milliners, bakers,  jewelers,  and  furniture  dealers were  among  those  who  bought  Italianate  houses  in  Somerville  in the  decade  before  the  Civil War  (MHC  #s 132, 145,  181, and  145,  respectively).  Simpler  Italianate  houses  with  cross­gable  roofs  and  round  windows  (or oculi)  are  still  found  in various  locations  throughout  the  city,  particularly  along  early  routes  or  former  rangeways.  The  Elisha  Hopkins  House,  237  School  Street  (ca.  1860,  #164),  and  Charles  Schuebeler  House,  384  Washington  Street  (ca. 1855,  #181),  are  two  such  buildings.  Somerville was  incorporated  as a town  in  1851.  Almost  immediately,  the  new  municipal  government  platted  new  roads  and  streets,  and  struggled  with  the  cost  of  constructing  sewers,  drains,  and  bridges.  The  1859  Town  Reports  called  attention  to  land  speculators' practice  of  opening  streets  and  courts  "with  exclusive  reference  to  (their)  sale,  with  no regard  whatever  to the  general  improvement  of the  town."  The  town  officers  urged  speculators  to  lay  out  streets  that  were  well­graded  and  acceptable  to the  town  surveyor.  continued 

NPf Pom 104004  0m < p w H ft* fOftMOf • ( M l ) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerviiie,  Mass.  Section number 8  Page 9  (MRA,  While  the  town  made  urban  improvements  in  the  eastern  section,  farmers,  particularly  market  gardeners  and  fruit  growers,  carried  on  profitable  businesses  in  the  western  section.  In  1865 there  were  twenty­two  farms  in  operation,  most  of  them  small­scale.  In  general,  however,  industrial  development  continued  while  agricultural  pursuits  waned.  Farming  declined  sharply  in  the  decades  after  the  Civil  War,  and  West  Somerviiie  farmers  often  turned  to  land  speculation.  The  first  large­scale  public  buildings  erected  by  the  newly  incorporated  town  was  a  high  school,  constructed  in  1852  at a  prominent  site  atop  Central  Hill.  Debate  regarding  the  need  for  a  public  high  school  had  begun  two  years previously  as the  School  Committee  reported  that  Somerviiie  would  soon  fail  to*  meet  the  educational  needs  of  its  growing  population.  By  1867, the  town  offices were  located  in the  same  building.  Residential  development  in  the  1850s  and  1860s  was  further  stimulated  by  the  introduction  of  regularly  scheduled  transportation.  Steam  rail  service provided  by  the  Boston  and  Maine  and  Fitchburg  Railroads was  improved,  and  in  1858 two horsecar  lines  were  established,  linking  Winter  Hill  and  West  Somerviiie  to  Charlestown  and  Boston.  In  1864, a horse­powered  street  railway  was  installed  from Union  Square  to Boston  and  in  1871  it  was  extended  further  to  West  Somerviiie.  Residential  areas  around  Union  Square  and  sections  of  East  Somerviiie,  Asylum  Hill,  Spring  Hill,  and  Winter  Hill  consequently  continued  to  expand.  West  Somerviiie  was  "colonized"  primarily  as a site  for  workingmen's  homes  only  after  the  tracks  of  the  horsecar  lines  (1871)  and  Arlington  Branch  Railroad  (1870­1871)  reached  the area  around  Davis  Square.  Industry  diversified  greatly  between  1850  and  1870.  Food  packing  houses,  processing  shops,  ice businesses,  glassworks,  and  foundries  were  built,  concentrated  primarily  in the  low, marshy  areas  south  of  Milk  Row  in  Ward  II.  Somerviiie's  land use pattern was  determined  early  as  industry  claimed  and  filled  swampland  adjacent  to  railroad  corridors  at  the  southern,  western,  and  northern  edges; the  higher,  well­drained  elevations  were  reserved  for  housing.  Brickyard  production  declined  after  the  Civil  War,  and  several  yards  were  abandoned  and  platted  for  extensive  tracts  of  streets  and  houselots.  Rising  land  prices  and the development  of more  efficient  but  expensive machines  that  forced  small  yards  out  of  business  were  two  factors  contributing  to the  industry's  decline.  There  are  no  continued 

N M Form 104004 QMf ^prwtf Mts fOMfffl United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerville,  Mass.  Section number 8  Pegs 10  (MRA)  intact  remnants  of  Somerville's  early  industrial  buildings.  Only  one  intact  brickyard  owner's house  is known  to  have  survived:  the  home  of  George  Wyatt,  at  33  Beacon  Street.  Wyatt's  brickyards  occupied  a  large portion  of Ward  II  for  at  least  35  years  (ca.  1850­1885).  The  area,  known  as  Wyatt's  Pit, was  adjacent  to  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  Wyatt  enjoyed  prosperity,  as  his  small  but  lavishly  decorated  Italianate­style  residence  indicates  (ca. 1860,  #114).  Late  Industrial  Period.  1872­1915  Working­class  housing  appeared  primarily  after  the  Civil  War,  corresponding  to  a boom  in  industry  and  real  estate  development  prior  to  the  Panic  of  1873.  The post­Civil  War  demand  for workers'  housing  was met  by  the  construction  of  both  rowhouses  and  single  family  dwellings  most  built  speculatively  for  rent  to  laborers.  Local  newspapers  urged  potential  investors  to  build  inexpensive  houses  for rent  or sale.  The worker's house  of the period  was  often  built  in a uniform  row  or on  a  "court."  Like  their  more  costly  counterparts/  workers' housing  evidenced  an  Italianate  architectural  vocabulary,  often  using  stock  ornament.  On  Pearl  Street  in  East  Somerville,  for example,  Number  81, the home  of  Benjamin  Gage  (1865,  #156),  retains  a  jigsawed  porch  frieze  and  punchwork  pendant  brackets.  Other  similar houses  in the  row  on  Pearl  Street  have  lost  much  of their  original  ornamentation.  Houses  for  local  businessmen  and merchants were  also built  after  the  Civil  War.  The  Second  Empire  style  became  popular  for  both  pretentious  single­family  houses  and  for  multi­family  dwellings.  Many  substantial  Second  Empire  houses  of  frame  construction  were  built  throughout  the  town  between  1865  and  1880.  Broadway,  on  Winter  Hill,  was  the  site  of  at  least  twelve  elaborate  mansard­roofed  houses  built  for  such  as  Charlestown  spice  manufacture  John  R.  Poor  (the  house  is  no  longer  extant).  A  1  1/2­story  mansard­roofed  house  on  School  Street,  home  of  cabinetmaker  J.  K.  Moore  (ca.  1870,  #163),  is  one  of  the  best­crafted  examples  remaining  in Winter  Hill.  A  fine  mansarded  house  at  61 Columbus  Avenue  in Prospect  Hill  (ca.  1880,  #130)  housed  James H.  Brooks,  a dry  goods  dealer  with  offices  in  the  Masonic  Block  in  Union  Square,  while  next  door,  at Number  63  (ca. 1880,  #131),  an  equally  well­detailed  Second  Empire­style  house,  was  home  to  S.  E.  Brackett,  a  local merchant.  In the  1870s,  mansard­roofed  brick  apartment  rows were built  for commuters  on  Prospect,  Spring,  and Winter  Hills,  and  particularly  in East  Somerville.  continued 

N M form 10-MO* am  By  1870,  when  Somerviiie's  population  reached  14,685,  the  villagelike  character  of  formerly  isolated  sections  of the town  had  begun  to dissolve.  New  streets  now  linked  all  parts  of  town,  particularly  those  sections  near  West  Somerviiie.  Gas  was  introduced  into  the town  in  1867.  A  public  water  supply  first  tapped  Mystic  Lake  in  1868,  with  the  construction  of the  Mystic  Pumping  Station  (#104), which was  serving  Charlestown,  Somerviiie,  and  Everett  by  the  1870s.  Somerviiie  became  a  city  in  1871  and  embarked  on  a  second  large­scale  public  building  program.  Of the  sixteen  schools  built  shortly  after?  Somerviiie  became  a  city  in  1872,  none  of  architectural  significance  survive.  Somerviiie's  first  major  fire  station,  the  Central,  on the present  Central  Library  site, was  built  in  1872  and  demolished  ca.  1910.  This  spectacular  structure  had  a  steep  mansard  roof  with  pinnacled  dormers  and  a tall  hose  tower  topped  with  tiered  cresting  and  a  weathervane.  Central  Hill,  created  the  city's  first public park  in  1870 with  the purchase  of  a  38­acre  tract  between Walnut  and  School  Streets, was  chosen  as  the  site  for  Somerviiie ,s  civic  center.  The  city's  commercial  center  was  firmly  established  at Union  Square,  and  in the  1870s  and  1880s,  high­style  masonry  business  blocks, hotels,  churches,  and  a  police  station were  constructed  there  (still  well­preserved,  this  group  comprises  the  Bow  Street  Historic  District).  The Victorian  Gothic,  a  style  of pointed  arches,  irregular  rooflines,  and  polychromy,  was  frequently  chosen  by the  builders  of commercial  structures  in  Union  Square,  as well  as by  the  architects  of public  buildings.  During  the  next  thirty  years. Central  Hill  Park  (already  the  site  of  the  1852  Greek  Revival  High  School,  later  City Hall,  #142)  became  the  site  of  all major public  buildings.  The  1871  Engine  House  by  Shepard  S. Woodcock  and  1871  Latin High  School  designed  in  Victorian  Gothic  Style by  Boston  architect  Samuel  J.  F.  Thayer  (both  buildings  are  no  longer  standing)  were  followed  by  the  1884  Romanesque­style  Public  Library  designed  by  Somerviiie  architect  George  F.  Loring  and  replaced  in  1913  by  the  present  library.  The  1895  English  High  School,  by Hartwell, Richardson  and  Driver,  survives  on  Central  Hill  with  alterations.  A  major  addition  of the  1930s now  stands  on  the  site of the  Latin High  School.  In the  decade  after  the  Civil  War,  as  Somerviiie's  population  increased,  the  services  of town government  specialized,  eventually  resulting  in a municipal  organization.  In the years  before  continued  OMfApprtVtfN*. fM440fl Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  »  Page  n 

N»l Perm 104004 ( M l ) Somerville  became  a city,  there had been  a growing  public  awareness  of  the  inherent  quality  of  Somerville's  natural  setting  and  the  often weak  character  of  some of  its  housing  stock.  In  the  late  1860s,  a  conservation  spirit  had  surfaced  among  residents,  particularly  businessmen,  directed  at  improving  the city's  lowlands,  creating  open  space,  and  improving  housing.  The  conservation  of  historic  sites, particularly  Prospect  Hill, was also urged  in  local  newspaper  editorials.  Between  1872  and  1900, Somerville  created  two  major parks  (Broadway  [Foss] and Nathan  Tufts,  which  includes  the  original  powderhouse;  both  remain  today)  and  several  small parks  and  playgrounds,  and  debated  the  construction  of parkways  and  boulevards  linking  the  city  to  the  regional  park  system  of the  Metropolitan  Park Commission.  Citizens' groups appear  to have had  a  major  role  in these  developments.  The  1880s  and  1890s were  decades  of  continued  civic  improvement  and  investment:  in  addition  to  the  parks  and  new  civic  buildings  already  mentioned,  streets,  sewers,  and  street  lighting  systems  extended  throughout  the  city.  The Somerville  Electric  Company  was  established  in  1887, with  a plant  on Willow  Street.  Between  1880  and  1890,  Somerville's  population  almost  doubled,  growing  from  24,933  to  40,152.  By  1888, a  severe  housing  shortage  had  occurred.  The  pressure  for  intense  development  was great,  and  over the next  several  decades, most  of the  parkland  that  had  been  set  aside  during  the  civic­minded  years  after  obliteration  would  be  obliterated.  Somerville's  building  industry  grew  with  the  demand  for  lumber  and  building  components.  A  strong woodworking  industry  developed,  with  carpenters, builders,  lumberyards,  furniture  makers,  picture­frame  makers,  and  museum  case  and  coffin  manufacturers  located  throughout  the  city.  Many  of these  firms began  operation  in  Boston,  and  moved  to  Somerville  at  the  end  of the century.  A  variety  of  other  industries  expanded,  particularly  the  manufacture  of  glass,  iron,  and  boilers  and  the  processing  of  food  (distilleries,  vinegar  works,  bakeries,  and  meat).  Unlike  the  previous  generation  of  industries,  company  owners  were  often  nonresidents  of  Somerville.  Julian  de Cordova  of  Lincoln,  president  of  Union  Glass, exemplified  the wealthy  nonresident  industrialist  of  the period.  Brickyards,  the  largest  local  industry  at  mid­century  rapidly  declined  in  the  1880s  and  1890s until  only  one yard,  the  Sanborn  Brick  Company,  located  on  the  Mystic  River  flats  of  Ten  Hills  farm,  remained  by  1900.  Electric  streetcar  service  was  introduced  in  1889,  bringing  inexpensive  transportation  to  the  western  sections  of  the  city,  and  stimulating  the growth  of  Davis,  Teele, Union,  and  Gilman  Squares.  continued  OMO Ap^pWStflSf MSi 9004*0090 Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  «  Page 12

NPyonri 10400m QM1/Mpnwtf Me. tOH'OOTl United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerviiie,  Mass.  Section number  8  Page  13  (MRA)  In response  to the housing  shortage  and  the  influx  of  both  industry  and  population,  fifty  percent  of  the housing  units  in  Somerviiie  were built  between  1890  and  1910, over  2,000  buildings.  Queen  Anne,  Colonial  Revival,  and  Shingle  Style  houses  contributed  to  Somerviiie #s  major  wave  of  residential  building.  Somerviiie  builders  constructed  many  new  units  in  response  to the  housing  shortage.  Local  builders  appear  to  have  used  the  available  builders'  guides  of  the  period  and  to derive  inspiration  from  the  work of  Sbmerville  architects.  As  in the  earlier  Italianate  and Greek  Revival  styles,  the  2  1/2  story,  sidehall  plan  was  a  type widely  used  by builders  of  Queen  Anne houses.  Examples  can be  found  across  the  city  which  show  the  potential  of  Queen  Anne  decorative  elements  on the  smaller  house;  patterned  shingles,  turned  posts,  and  a prominent  sunburst  in  the  porch  gable  are  characteristic  features.  Queen Anne  and  Colonial  Revival  ideas  filtered  into the  standard,  speculatively  built  houses  of  the  day.  Apartment  houses  and  rowhouses  also  continued  to  be  built  through  the  turn  of  the  century  by  nonresident  speculative  builders.  Among  architects  popular  with  Somerviiie's  leading  citizens  were  George  Loring  and  Sanford  Phipps, who produced  some  of  Somerviiie's  finest  late­19th  century  residences.  Loring  and  Phipps worked  in  the medieval  English  Revival  Style  popularized  by  Richard  Norman  Shaw,  and  translated  by  Boston's Henry  Hobson  Richardson.  Though  the best  examples  of their  domestic work have been  razed,  two  fine  remaining  examples  are  Loring's  own  gambrel­roofed  house  atop  Central  Hill  (1895,  #141)  and  a Shingle  Style  house  at  152  Summer  (1895,  #137).  Loring  and  Phipps  also designed  many  houses  in  the  Prospect and  Winter  Hill  areas  in  Georgian  or  Federal  Revival  styles.  Typical  characteristics  include  a  steep,  dormered  hip  roof,  and  round projecting  bays  at  either  side  of  a  central  entrance.  Several  houses  of this  type  still  survive  on Highland  Avenue.  Apartment  buildings  were  also  important  components  of  Somerviiie's  turn­of­the­century  development.  Elegant  apartment  blocks  of  brick  and  frame,  examples  of  late Victorian  styles, were  built  throughout  the  city.  A  few more masonry  apartment  buildings  were  constructed  for  the  growing  numbers  of commuters  along main  arteries before  the  first World War.  Advertisements  for  the  apartment  houses  of  the  period  usually  emphasized  the  buildings'  good  transportation  connections  to  Boston.  "Carlines  in Front  of  Building,"  boasted  a  1928  advertisement  for the Highland  Avenue  Hillcrest  Apartments.  continued 

^ F o r n i 104004 OMt AffflVftS N l fOI+OOf I United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet r.  Somerville,  Mass.  Section number 8 Page  M  (MRA)  Enclaves  for well­to­do  businessmen  were planned  and  built  on  the  eve  of  the  20th  century,  the best­preserved  being  the Westwood  Road  area.  The  eighteen  Period  Revival  and  Shingle  Style  houses  that  make  up  the  neighborhood  (Westwood  Road  Historic  District)  were  built  on the  former  farm  and  estate  of  the  Shute  family.  This  development  and  other  well­designed  groups  of residences  prompted  the  Somerville  Journal  to note  in  1890 that  "the  style  of  buildings  which  are now  erected  are  a great  improvement  over those  of  15 to  20  years  ago, when  there was  a  big  boom  in  building  and  not  much  attention was  given  to  architecture."  Vet  despite  these  developments,  a  migration  out  of  Somerville's  Yankee  and  long­established  Irish populations  began  in the  late­19th  century.  Many  prominent  and  affluent  residents  departed  for  less­crowded  Boston  suburbs,  particularly  Newton  Highlands.  They  were  followed  by  the  arrival  of a new working  class population  of  Eastern  Europeans,  Greeks,  and  Italians.  In  1895,  the  population  was  52,200.  Many  of  the  first  Italian  and  Portuguese  immigrants,  like the  later Greek  arrivals,  settled  in East  Somerville,  Ward  II,  and  the  "Brick  Bottom"  or Asylum  Hill  area,  places where  inexpensive  rental  housing  could  be  found.  This gradual  outmitigation  of wealthy  residents  continued  into  the  20th  century.  In  many  cases,  the  ground  of  former  estates  were  built  over  and  the mansion  houses  converted  to multiple  family  use.  It  is  important  to  note  that  large  single­family  homes were  still  being  Jpuilt  in the  1890s but  by  1906  the  Somerville  Journal  could  criticize:  "...  Somerville  has  some  fine  old houses, but  for  the  most  part  theirbroad  domains  of  former  days  have  been  encroached  on until,  in many  places, they  look  cramped  without  the  elbow  room  and  breathing  space  which  aristocratic  respectability  requires...."  By  1907,  the  western  section  of  the  city was  largely  platted  or  built,  and  realtors  began  to  cast  their  attention  to  the  last  remaining  land  in the  city:  the brickyard­scarred  land  of Ten  Hills  along  the Mystic  River,  and  the partially  excavated  grounds  of  Mount  Benedict.  Architecturally,  residential  construction  after the  turn  of the  century  continued  the  conservative  Queen Anne  and  Classical 

N H Perm 1040041 ( M l ) National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number  8 Page 15  Somerviiie,  Mass.  (MRA)  Revival  tradition.  Entire  sections  were  often  developed  with  the  same two­family  house  type, particularly  in the Ten Hills  and  Mount  Benedict  areas.  Few  single  family  houses were built  after  1910,  with  two­  and  three­family  houses  constituting  the  primary  residential  building  type.  Number  16 Preston Road  (ca. 1910,  #159)  is Somerviiie's  best  example  of a three­decker.  It  was  one  of  a  number  of  multifamily  houses  built  on  Preston  Road  by  George  Ireland,  on  land  carved  out  of the  apple  orchards  of  his  family's  former  estate.  Earlv Modern  Period.  1915­1940  The  character  of  Somerviiie's  small  commercial  districts,  or  squares, was  stabilized  during  the  period  1900­1925  as  masonry  business  blocks  were  constructed  in Davis  and  Gilman  Squares  and  a  variety  of  one­ and  two­story  commercial  blocks  with  large  windows  developed  in  Teele,  Ball,  and Magoun  Squares.  Many  were built  in  Classical  or Renaissance  Revival  styles,  with  stuccoed  surfaces,  garlanded  friezes,  and  decorative  urns  and balustrades  (most  have  been  substantially  altered).  Businesses  in the  squares  catered  to  trolley­car  and  later,  automobile  shoppers.  Businessmen's'Associations  organized  by merchants  promoted  shopping  opportunities  and  electricity  helped  in the  advertising  effort.  In  addition  to  this  new  construction,  numerous  19th  century  storefronts  were  "modernized"  in the  1920s  and  1930s  with  Art  Deco  and  Streamlined  Moderne  treatments  (although  few  survive  without  subsequent  alteration).  Gasoline  stations  in  the  Classical  and  Colonial  Revival  styles were  built  along major  arteries between  ca.  1910  and  1920  (all altered  or  razed).  Adding  to  the  urban  amenities  of  20th  century  Somerviiie,  vaudeville  and  motion  picture  theaters  were  built  in  several  squares  and  along  Highland  and  Broadway  Avenues  after  the  turn  of  the  century.  The  1914  Somerviiie  Theatre  in Davis  Square,  designed  by  F. Wilcox,  is of historical  interest.  It was  one  of  at  least  six  theaters  built  in  the  city  after  1900,  and  the  only  one  still  standing.  As  the  city  grew,  centralized  squares  developed  within  neighborhoods.  The  development  of  Davis  Square  is  typical  of  Somerviiie's  growth  which  paralleled  the  development  of  the  railroad.  The  city  began  losing  its rural  character  in  1843  when  the  first  tracks  of the  Fitchburg  Railroad  were  laid.  Gradually 

N»l Perm 1M00« am  Somerville,  Mass.  (MRA)  National Register of Historic Placee Continuation Sheet Section number   8  Page  16  pasture  land,  market  gardens  and  country  estates  gave  way  to  residential  subdivisions with  their  own  commercial  centers.  Somerville's  industrial  growth  continued  after  the  turn  of  the  century.  Of  145  manufacturing  establishments  in  1930, 75  percent  had  located  in  the  city  since  1900.  Among  Middlesex  County  manufacturers,  Somerville  ranked  third  (behind  Cambridge  and  Lowell)  in the manufacture  of  carriages,  food products,  furniture,  and  metal  and  metallic  products.  Slaughtering  and  meat  packing  were  the  leading  industries  from  ca.  1875  into the  1930s.  In  1898, with  five  packing  houses,  the  "Chicago  of New England"  was the third  largest  Slaughtering  pity  in  the  United  States.  The  Charles  North  s1aughterhouse,  built  in  1879  on the  East  Cambridge  border,  burned  in  1981.  The  Ford Motor  Company  Assembly  Plant  (1926)  and  the  First  National  Stores  (1922)  and  A  and  P Food Warehouses  (1920­1923),  built  on the  filled  flats  of  the  Mystic  River,  were  the  last  large­scale  industrial  installations  to be  constructed  in the  city  and  employed  many  of  the  city's  new  immigrants.  The  A  &  P  facilities  were  noted  as  one  of  the country's  first modern  food  distribution  centers.  The  Ford  Motor  Company  facility  has  been  rehabilitated  as the Assembly  Square  shopping  mall.  Somerville's  population  reached  103,908  in  1930.  With  a  population  density  of  25,365 persons per  square mile,  Somerville  had become  the  most  densely  settled  community  in Massachusetts  and  one  of the  most  densely  settled  in the  country.  Past  Somerville  builders'  adherance  to  the  subdivision  practice  of  small  lots, closely  sited  streets,  terraces,  and  courts,  and  the popular  two  and  three  family  houses,  coupled  with  the  city's  cautious  open  space  acquisitions  had  made  such  density  inevitable.  Somerville's  historic  lack  of  public  open  space  is the  result  of political  decisions  and  land  use  choices  made  in the mid­nineteenth  century.  One  late  19th century  issue  was  the  reluctance  of  land  speculators  to donate  lands  for public use.  The  chosen  site  for Broadway  park  was  a  swamp  near  brickyard  land,  bordering  the  Middlesex  canal.  Even  this  site was hotly  debated  by  those who wished  to  see  it divided  into house  lots.  Future  survey  should  investigate  the  integrity  of  additional  20th  century  residences,  both  isolated  examples  and  entire  subdivisions,  as well  as many  of the  city's  remaining  commercial  and  industrial  buildings.  The  survival  of  such  intact  properties,  whose 

NMPorm 1O400* Otff A»r*vt/»» 10*44011 Unlted States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerviiie,  Mass.  Section number  8 page  v  (MRA)  construction  is  a  direct  reflection  of Somerviiie's  20th  century  development,  requires  further  investigation.  Intact  examples  could  well  constitute  addition  to  the present  Multiple  Resource Area  in  future.  Preservation  Activities  In  1985,  Somerviiie  adopted  the  Massachusetts  state  enabling  legislation  for  local  historic  district  protection,  Massachusetts  General  Laws chapter  40C.  One hundred  fifty buildings were  included  in  the  protective  ordinance.  The  Somerviiie  Historic  Preservation  Commission  was  formed  in  order  to  administer  the  local  historic  districts.  Most  of  the  properties  included  in  this  Multiple  Resource Area  Nomination  for  the  National  Register  of  Historic  Places  are  protected  by  the  local  historic  district  ordinance.  By  means  of  a matching  Survey  and  Planning  Grant  from  the National  Park  Service,  part  of  the  Department  of the  Interior,  and  through  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Commission,  in  1988  Somerviiie  reexamined  nearly  500 properties  that  had  been minimally  considered  in the  1980  survey.  Approximately  100 of these properties  were  chosen  for  local  historic  district  ordinance  protection.  An  additional  70  properties  were  documented,  which  helped  to create  cohesive  districts.  Of  the  175  properties  that  have  beeen  recommended  for  local  historic  district  protection,  a list  of  33  individual  properties  and  five  districts  have been  recommended  for  listing  on the National  Register  of Historic  Places. 

9. Major Bibliographical References SCr€RVILLE, MASS. -MULTIPLE RESOURCE Pm  Previous documentation on file (NPS): I I preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested [~1 previously listed in the National Register i l previously determined eligible by the National Register I I designated a National Historic Landmark I I recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # I I recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # See continuation sheet Primary location of additional data: S State historic preservation office Other State agency [~~1 Federal agency I  I Local government I  I University • Other Specify repository: Mass. Historical camrission 10. Geographical Data Acreage of property 4 Square Miles UTM References A 111 1 I  •  see individual forms Zone Easting J L J L B Northing J L Zone D Easting Northing J L Quad: Boston North, Mass. 7.5X15 minute series and Scale: 1:25,000 Boston South Mass. 7.5 minute series |  I See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description Scmerville is located in Middlesex county, South of Boston, North of Medford, Northeast of Everett, Northwest of Arlington and South of Cambridge. It encompasses approximately 4 square miles. I  I See continuation sheet Boundary Justification Tlie boundaries of the Scnerville Multiple Resource Area are defined as the political/geographical bounds of the city of Somerviiie, Massachusetts. These boundaries are reflective of the Historical Development of the City. Unless otherwise indicated, boundaries for individual properties conform to current lot lines. I  I See continuation sheet 11. Form Prepared By name/title Betsy Frieoterg, National register Director, MC w/ Carole Zellio, Pros. Consultant organization Mass. Historical Cormrision date —Morch^ i9Q9 street & number city or town 3D Boylstoh Street -Boston, telephone state C17-727-047D -MftSSr zip code

N M form 104004 ( M l ) QMS Af^pflMflaf Wfc 9004*0090 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number __2 Page_l Somerville,  Mass.  fMRAl  9­  MAJOR  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  REFERENCES  Books  Drake,  Samuel  Adams, History  of Middlesex  County. Massachusetts.  2  vols.  Boston:  Estes  and  Lauriat,  1880.  Frothingham,  Richard,  The  History  of  Charlestown.  Massachusetts.  Boston:  Charles  C. Little  and James  Brown,  1845.  Haskell,  A.  L.,  Historical  Guidebook  of Somerville.  Somerville:  A.  L. Haskell,  n.d.  Historic  Leaves.  Vols.  1­8.  Somerville:  Somerville  Historical  Society,  1902.  Hurd,  D.  Hamilton,  History  of Middlesex  County. Massachusetts.  3  vols.  Philadephia:  J.  W.  Lewis,  1890.  Morton,  Ellis  W.,  Annexation  of  Charlestown  and  Somerville.  Boston:  Mudge  and  Son,  1871.  Samuels,  Edward  A.,  Somerville:  Past  and  Present.  Boston:  Samuels  and  Kimball  Company,  1897.  Somerville:  An  Historical  Perspective.  Somerville:  Somerville  Historical  Commission,  1874.  Turner,  Walter  Frye,  Representative  Men  of  Somerville.  Massachusetts:  Walter  Frye Turner,  1898.  Warner,  Sam  Bass. Streetcar  Suburbs.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press,  1962.  Zellie,  Carole,  Beyond  the Neck:  The Architecture  and  Development  of Somerville. Massachusetts.  Somerville,  1982.  Newspapers. Government  Records,  and Maps  and  Atlases  Somerville  Citizen.  1880­1900.  Somerville  Journal.  1870­1930. 

NPt «erm 104004 OMf *prmtf  m f 0M40f • ( M l ) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service  National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Somerville,  Mass.  Section number  a _  Page 2  (MRA)  Somerville  Town  and Annual  Reports.  1855­1917..  Draper, Martin,  Map  of Somerville.  Somerville,  1852.  Hopkins,  G.  M.  and  Company,  Atlas  of  the  City  of  Somerville.  Massachusetts.  Philadelphia,  1874.  _^ i  Atlas  of  the  City  of  Somerville,  Massachusetts.  Philadelphia,  1884.  Sanborn  Map  Company,  Insurance  Map  of  Somerville.  Massachusetts.  New  York,  1900.  Revised  to  1931. 

100  102  103  104  105  106  113  114  115  116  117  118  119  800  First  Amos  Keyes  Ho  F.G.Williams  House  Mystic  Shops  warehouse/office  Charles  Williams  Jr  George  Wyatt  Ho.  Lemuel  Snow  Jr.  Ho  C.C.  Crowell  House  Langmaid  Terrace  Winter  Hill  Congregational  Church  Adams­Magoun  Ho.  Cemet ery  12  Adams  St.  1845­1860  55  Adams  St.  ca.1880  37  Albion  St.  ca.1860  Alewife  Brook  Pky.  1863  ca. 1930s  1  Arlington  St.  ca.1858  10  Arlington  St.  ca.1889  28­36  Beacon  St.  ca.1858  33  Beacon  St.  ca.1860  81  Benton  Rd.  ca.1890  85  Benton  Rd.  ca.1890  359­365  Broadway  ca.1889  404  Broadway  1895  438  Broadway  1783  School  &  Somerville  1805­ Greek  Revival  B  Second  Empire  B  Italianate  B  Romanesque  Revival  B  modern/functional  B  Italianate  B  Queen  Anne  B  Queen  Anne  B  Italianate  B  Queen  Anne  B  Queen  Anne  B  Queen  Anne  B  Shingle  Style  B  Federal  B  Si  C  C  C  NC  C  C  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c 

121  122  123  124  125  126  127  128  129  130  131  132  133  Charles  Adams  /  Woodbury  Locke  Ho  garage  W.C.  Mentzner  Ho.  garage  Bacon  House  garage  garage  West  Somerville  Branch  Library  Charles  H.  Lockhardt  carriage  house/garage  Thomas  Cook  Ho.  James  H.  Brooks  Ho.  garage  S.E.  Brackett  Ho.  garage  Charles  Williams  Ho.  178  Central  192­200  Central  36  Cherry  St.  ii  27  Chester  St.  II 14  Chestnut  St.  25  Clyde  St.  II 40  College  Ave.  88  College  Ave.  II 21  College  Hill  Rd  61  Columbus  6 3  Columbus  Ave.  II 108  Cross  St.  72R  Dane  ca.1840  ca . 1923  ca . 1800  1890  ca . 1950  ca . 1885  ca . 1940  1855­1860  ca . 1850  ca . 1950  1909  ca . 1890  ca . 1890  c a .  ca.1880  ca. 1930  ca.1880  ca.1930  ca . 1855  ca.1730­1800  Greek  Revival  B  vernacular/Revival  B  Second  Empire  B  Queen  Anne/Shingle  B  Colonial  Revival  B  Queen  Anne  B  modern  B  Italianate  B  Greek  Revival  B  modern  B  Neo­Classical  B  Queen  Anne  Colonial  Revival  Greek  Revival  Second  Empire  vernacular/Revival  B  B  Second  Empire  B  vernacular/Revival  B  C  NC  C  c  NC  C  NC  C  NC  Italianate  Georgian  B  B  C  C  c  NC  C  NC  C  c 

SOMERVILLE  MRA  ­  DATA  SHEETS  INDIVIDUALLY  NOMINATED  PROPERTIES  ADDRESS  DATE  134  garage  21  Dartmouth  St.  II c. a . 1 8 9 0  ca. 1930  Queen  Anne  B  Colonial  Revival  B  C  NC  135  136  137  138  139  140  141  142  143  144  145  146  147  Knight/Lacount  Ho.  gazebo  Cooper­Davenport  L.W.Dow  Farmhouse  Langmaid  Building  The  Highland  George  Loring  Ho.  Central  Library  City  Hall  First  Universalist  34  Day  St.  II 81  Eustis  St.  13  Fairmont  Ave.  48­52  Highland  Ave  66  Highland  Ave.  76  Highland  Ave.  79  Highland  Ave.  93  Highland  125  Highland  Ave.  First  Unitarian  Church  130  Highland  Ave  Gaut  House  137  Highland  Ave  140  Highland  343  Highland  Ave  garage  stable/garage  53  Hudson  St.  s ame  ca. 1870  ca . 1920  1808  1848  1892  1892  ca. 1895  1913  1852  1916­1923  1894  1848­1860  ca.1885  ca.1880  ca .1930  ca . 1890  ca . 1890  Second  Empire  B  Colonial  Revival  St  Federal  B  Italianate  B  Second  Empire  B  Richardsonian  B  Romanesque  Shingle  Style  B  Renaissance  Rev.  B  Colonial  Revival  B  Italian  Romanesque  B  Richardsonian  Roman  B  11 ali anate  B  Shingle  Style  B  Queen  Anne  B  C  C  C  C  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  vernacular/Revival  B  Queen  Anne  Queen  Anne  NC  C  C 

149  150  151  152  153  154  183  155  156  157  158  159  160  161  162  163  Alexander  Foster  Isaac  Story  Ho.  Edmund  Sparrow  Ho.  stable/house  garage  Daniel  Worthen  House  The  Grandview  Gustavus  Prescott  stable  /  garage  Z.E.  Cliff  House  Russell  House  6  Kent  Court  45  Laurel  St.  11  Linden  St.  27  Meacham  Road  ii  197  Morrison  Ave.  II 8  Mt.  Pleasant  St.  29  Mt.  Vernon  St.  8 2  Munroe  9 7  Munroe  81  Pearl  St.  65­67  Perkins  16­18  Preston  Rd.  II 29  Powderhouse  Ter  5  Prospect  Hill  25  Russell  St.  205  School  St.  ca. 1750  ca . I860  ca.1860  ca . 1890  ca.1890  ca.I860  ca . 1930  1850­1860  ca. 1850  ca . 1896  ca . 1894  1860­1870  1840­1850  ca. 1910  ca . 1885  ca.1900  ca . 1880  ca.1850  ca . 1870  Georgian  B  Italianate  B  Italianate  B  Queen  Anne  B  Queen  Anne  B  Greek  Revival  B  vernacular/Revival  B  Greek  Revival  B  Greek  Revival  B  Colonial  Revival  B  Queen  Anne  B  Italianate  B  Italianate  B  Colonial  Revival  B  Italianate  B  Shingle  Style/C.R.  B  Queen  Anne  B  Greek  Revival  B  Second  Empire  B  C  C  C  c  C  c  NC  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  e  c  c 

164  165  166  167  168  169  170  17 1  172  173  174  175  176  177  178  Elisha  Hopkins  Ho  double  house  John  F.  Nichols  Ho.  Susan  Russell  House  Oliver  Tufts  House  Otis/Wyman  House  garage  garage  Hailey  House  Wright  House  Robert  Munroe  House  garage  Louville  Niles  The  Hollander  Block  237  School  St.  437  Somerville  Ave.  439R  Somerville  Ave.  439­441  17  Summit  St .  58  Sycamore  St .  78  Sycamore  St .  35  Temple  St.  67  Thurston  St.  42  Vinal  Ave.  II II 48  Vinal  Ave.  49  Vinal  Ave.  54  Vinal  Ave.  37  Walnut  St.  it  45  Walnut  St.  56­58  Walnut  4­6  Pleasant  Ave.  ca.I860  1830­1840  1840­1850  ca . 1870  ca . 1890  ca.1830  17 14/  ca. 1750  ca . 1883  ca.1895  ca.1910  ca . 1930  ca . 1870  ca. 1894  ca. 1895  ca. 1849  ca.1950  1890  ca . 1890  ca . 1890  Italianate  Greek  Revival  Greek  Revival  Italianate  Queen  Anne  Greek  Revival  Federal  B  B  B  B  B  B  B  B  Queen  Anne/Eastlake  B  Shingle  Style  B  Colonial  Revival  B  vernacular/Revival  B  Italianate  B  Shingle/Col.  Rev/  B  Shingle/Queen  Anne  B  Greek  Revival  B  modern  B  Queen  Anne  B  Queen  Anne/Col.  Rev.  B  Queen  Anne/Col.  Rev.  B  C  C  C  C  C  c  c  c  c  c  c  NC  C  c  c  c  NC  C  C 

79C  /  13NC  B  =  Building  1C  /  0  St  =  Structure  1C  /  0  Si  =  Site  MHC  #  HISTORIC  NAME  ADDRESS  DATE  STYLE  TYPE  STATUS  179  A.J.Lovejoy  House  30  Warren  St.  1874  Second  Empire  B  C  stable  "  ca.1874  Mansard  B  NC  180  Ireland  House  117  Washington  ca.1792  Late  Georgian  B  C  181  ­  384  Washington  St.  ca.1855  Italianate  B  C  182  Somerville  Journal  8­10  Walnut  St.  1894  Romanesque  B  C