Matters ▸ Attachment
06.12.25 CC Amend Zoning 2.4 Means of Egress — File 25-0590
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 1
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW
Contents:
2.1 GLOSSARY
2.2 ZONING ATLAS OVERVIEW
2.3 BUILDING TYPES OVERVIEW
2.4 STANDARDS & MEASUREMENTS
2.1 GLOSSARY
Contents:
2.1.1 General
2.1.1 General
a.
The following words, phrases, and terms in this Ordinance are defined in this Section.
(Ord. 2024‐13, 11/26/2024; Ord. 2024‐14, 11/26/2024; Ord. 2024‐15, 12/12/2024) Ord. 2024‐15 effective
February 1, 2025.
Abut or Abutting
To physically touch or share a contiguous boundary or border, such as a common lot line, or to be separated only
by an alley or shared driveway.
Access
The way or means to enter and leave.
Accessible Means of Egress
As defined by 521 CMR, as amended.
Accessory Building
A building or structure designed, used, or occupied in relation to the principal use(s) of a given lot.
Accessory Use
A use(s) of a lot, structure or portion thereof that is incidental and related to a principal building or use of land
and located on the same lot as the principal building or use of land.
Affordable Dwelling Unit
A dwelling unit sold, leased, or rented at a price affordable to a specific household income specified by this
Ordinance or other Federal, State, or local affordable housing program. Affordable dwelling unit is abbreviated as
ADU. (See Article 12)
Affordable Dwelling Unit, Existing
An ADU subject to a covenant or deed restriction limiting its sale, lease, or rental. Existing affordable dwelling unit
is abbreviated as Existing‐ADU. (See Article 12)
Albedo
The amount of solar radiation reflected by a surface.
[…][
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 2
2.4 STANDARDS & MEASUREMENTS
Contents:
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Lot Standards
2.4.3 Building Placement
2.4.4 Massing & Height
2.4.5 Uses and Features
2.4.6 Building Components
2.4.1 General
a.
This section provides an explanation of dimensional standards found in this Ordinance, defines how to
measure each requirement, and provides other standards and reference information as necessary.
b.
The Building Official may waive the following provisions for constructing or modifying an accessible means
of egress for an existing building provided that no other compliant design solution is possible:
i. §2.4.2.c.i. Lot Coverage
ii. §2.4.3 Building Placement
iii. §2.4.4 Massing & Height
iv. §2.4.6 Building Components
c.
The Building Official may waive the following provisions for constructing or modifying an Entry Canopy, Stoop,
Portico, Lobby Entrance, Projecting Porch, or Engaged Porch for an existing building used as Residential
Housing with no more than three (3) dwelling units to comply with the minimum number and dimensions for
a means of egress per 780 CMR, as amended, provided that no other compliant design solution is possible:
i. §2.4.2.c.i Lot Coverage
ii. §3.1.13 Building Components in Neighborhood Residence
iii. §3.2.12 Building Components in Urban Residence
a.d. The Building Official shall maintain documentation of any waived standard granted for any means of egress
in the public record.
2.4.2 Lot Standards
a.
Lot Lines
i.
Any lot line abutting a Pedestrian Street is a primary front lot line.
ii.
The front lot line of any interior lot or key lot is a primary front lot line.
iii. Corner lots and through lots have two front lot lines.
a). Any front lot line of a corner lot abutting a pedestrian street is a primary front lot line.
b). For all other corner lots, the primary front lot line is designated by the property owner, with all
remaining front lot lines designated as secondary front lot lines.
c). Both front lot lines of a through lot are primary front lot lines.
b.
Lot Dimensions
i.
General
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 3
a). Lots must have dimensions appropriate for one or more of the building type(s) or civic spaces
permitted for the district where the lot is located.
ii.
Lot Width
a). Lot width is measured as the length of the front lot line of a lot, except as follows:
i).
For a flag lot, only the 'pole' or 'post' portion of the lot is used to measure lot width.
iii. Lot Depth
a). Lot depth is measured as the horizontal distance between the midpoint of the primary front lot line
and the midpoint of the rear lot line or to the most distant point on any other lot line where there
is no rear lot line.
Figure 2.4.2 Lot Dimensions
c.
Lot Development
i.
Lot Coverage
a). The maximum area of a lot that is permitted to be covered by the combination of principal
buildings, accessory buildings, accessory structures and impermeable surfaces.
b). The lot coverage of a structure is measured from the outside of the exterior walls at the ground
story, including covered porches and other building components.
c). The lot coverage (and permeable area) of porous asphalt, pervious concrete, paving stones, or grass
pavers is calculated using the runoff coefficient provided by the manufacturer.
ii.
Green Score
a). Green Score is landscape requirement measured as a ratio of the weighted value of various
landscape elements to total lot area. See §10.4 GREEN SCORE for more information.
iii. Open Space
a). The minimum area of a lot that must be provided as open space.
b). When the open space requirement results in eight thousand (8,000) square feet or less, an in lieu
payment in accordance with Section 12.3 Buyouts & Payments may be made for up to one hundred
(100) percent of the required open space, in whole or in part.
c). When the open space requirement results in eight thousand (8,000) square feet or more, the open
space must be provided on the lot.
2.4.3 Building Placement
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 4
a.
Building Setbacks
i.
All principal and accessory buildings must be located at or behind any required minimum curb, front,
side, or rear setback except as indicated in §2.4.3.d. Setback Encroachments.
ii.
Minimum and maximum front setbacks are measured as follows:
a). Parallel to any front lot line that intersects a side lot line within five (5) degrees of a right angle.
b). Parallel to the tangent of a concave front lot line or to the secant of a convex front lot line.
c). Perpendicular to the lot depth from the center point of the front lot line.
iii. Side and rear setbacks are measured parallel to lot lines.
iv. The facade of a principal building must be built at or in front of any maximum front setback for each
story of a building.
v.
Buildings and structures are not permitted to encroach upon any easement or the right‐of‐way of any
public thoroughfare.
vi. Lots that cannot meet tower setback requirements on all sides are not appropriate for tall buildings.
b.
Building Separation
i.
Any principal or accessory building must be separated from any other principal or accessory building on
the same lot or on an abutting lot by the building separation distance specified for each building type.
ii.
Building separation is measured parallel from the face of the exterior walls of a principal or accessory
building, excluding a party wall.
iii. Building components and the structural walls of window wells are prohibited within the required
separation area.
Figure 2.4.3 (a) Building Setbacks
c.
Parking Setbacks
i.
Unless otherwise specified, all parking, excluding underground structured parking, must be located at
or behind any required parking setback.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 5
Figure 2.4.3 (b) Parking Setbacks
d.
Setback Encroachments
i.
Building components may encroach into required setbacks as indicated for each type elsewhere in this
Ordinance.
ii.
Cornices, belt courses, sills, pilasters and other architectural features may encroach up to two (2) feet
into a required setback, provided that at least two (2) feet is maintained from the vertical plane of any
side lot line.
iii. Chimneys and flues may encroach up to four (4) feet into a required setback, provided that at least two
(2) feet is maintained from the vertical plane of any lot line.
iv. Building eaves and roof overhangs may encroach into a required setback, provided that at least two (2)
feet is maintained from the vertical plane of any lot line.
v.
Mechanical equipment associated with residential uses, such as an HVAC unit, is not permitted in the
frontage area of a lot, but may encroach into a required side or rear setback, provided that at least two
(2) feet or the distance provided in the manufacturer’s specifications, whichever is greater, is maintained
from the vertical plane of any lot line.
a). Air heat pumps and other energy‐saving mechanical equipment with a day–night twenty‐four (24)
hour average noise level of fifty‐five (55) dB(A) or less may fully encroach into a required setback.
vi. Exterior walls are permitted to encroach into front, side, and rear setbacks up to eight (8) inches only
for the purpose of adding insulating sheathing to the exterior wall assembly, provided that at least two
feet (2) feet is maintained from the vertical plane of any side lot line.
vii. Minor structures accessory to utilities, such as hydrants, manholes, water meters, or gas meters, may
fully encroach into a required front, side, or rear setback.
viii. Transformers and other cabinet structures may fully encroach into a required side or rear setback.
ix.
Terraces, uncovered and unenclosed patios, and underground structures may fully encroach into a
required setback.
x.
Trellises or other structures attached to a building for the sole purpose of growing vines or other
vegetation may encroach into a required setback provided that at least two (2) feet is maintained from
the vertical plane of any side lot line.
xi.
Accessory structures, fences and walls, signs, and landscape buffers may encroach as indicated in Article
10: Development Standards.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 6
e.
Frontage Area
i.
Motor vehicle parking, excluding parking in the drive aisle of a driveway, and parking spaces are not
permitted in the frontage area and driveways are not permitted in the frontage area between a building
and the front lot line.
ii.
Corner lots and through lots have two frontage areas.
a). Any frontage area of a corner lot abutting a Pedestrian Street is a primary frontage area.
b). For all other corner lots, the primary frontage area corresponds with the primary front lot line
designated by the property owner, with all remaining frontage area designated as secondary
frontage area.
c). Both frontage areas of a through lot are primary frontage area.
Figure 2.4.2 (c) Frontage Area
2.4.4 Massing & Height
a.
Main Massing
i.
Facade Build Out
a). Building facade(s) must be built parallel to the front lot line for the minimum facade build out
specified for each building type and is measured as a percentage of the lot width.
b). For lots with frontage on three (3) sides, the facade build out along a secondary frontage is only
applicable to the minimum number of stories required for each building type.
c). Forecourts are considered part of the building for the purpose of measuring facade build out.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 7
Figure 2.4.4 (a) Facade Build‐Out
ii.
Building Width
a). Width is measured parallel to the facade of a building, from the exterior of each side wall or the
midpoint of a party wall.
iii. Building Depth
a). Depth is measured perpendicularly from the facade as the maximum length of any exterior side
wall of a building.
iv. Floor Plate
a). Floor plate is measured as the total gross floor area of a single story of a building, excluding building
components.
v.
Building Interconnection
a). Abutting buildings may not be interconnected across lots lines to create any structure that conflicts
with the building width or floor plate standards of this Ordinance.
i).
Underground structured parking is exempt.
ii).
Pedestrian bridges over a public thoroughfare are exempt.
b). Interconnection of buildings over a public thoroughfare by a pedestrian bridge requires compliance
with all City Ordinances.
vi. Ground Story Elevation
a). Ground story elevation is measured as the vertical distance from the average finished ground level
at the facade(s) to the top of the finished floor of the ground story.
vii. Story Height
a). Story height is measured vertically from the surface of the finished floor to the surface of the
finished floor above at all points. When there is no floor above, story height is measured from the
surface of the finished floor to the top of the structural beam or joists above or the top of the wall
plate, whichever is more.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 8
vii. Number of Stories
b). The total number of stories of a building is calculated as follows:
iii).
The ground story is counted as one (1) story, except that a single ground story of twenty‐five
(25) feet or more is counted as two (2) stories.
iv).
Each upper story is counted as one (1) additional story, except that any upper story with a
mezzanine or loft is counted as two (2) stories.
v).
Interstitial space between stories is counted as an additional story if the space has a walking
surface, permanent lighting, a ceiling height of seven feet six inches (7’6”) or more, or is
accessed via a stairwell or elevator door.
vi).
Basements are not counted as one (1) story unless the finished floor of the ground story is
five (5) feet or more above the average ground level of the lot. See Figure 2.4.4 (b) and Figure
2.4.4 (c).
vii). Each story of above ground structured parking is counted as one (1) story regardless of its
relationship to habitable stories, except that up to two (2) stories of above ground structured
parking may be counted as one (1) story when those stories are fully screened by a single
ground story with an equal or greater story height.
Figure 2.4.4 (b) Upward Slope
b). Habitable space located directly under a pitched roof is counted as a half story. The following
standards apply to half stories:
viii). The roof rafters must intersect the wall plate or top of wall frame of the exterior walls at a
height up to two (2) feet above the finished floor of the half‐story of a principal building type
or four (4) feet above the finished floor of the half‐story of an accessory building type.
ix).
Ceiling height of a half story must not exceed twelve (12) feet in height at any point.
c). Non‐habitable attic space located under a pitched roof is not counted as a half story.
viii. Upper Stories
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 9
a). Each upper story of a building may only be recessed from the exterior wall plane of the story below,
excluding the ground story, except through the use of building components.
ix.
Step‐back
a). A required distance that certain upper stories of a building must be recessed from the plane of the
facade of the stories below.
i).
Required step backs must be provided for all stories as indicated for each building type.
ii).
Buildings on any lot less than sixty‐five (65) feet deep are exempt from the upper story step‐
back requirement.
x.
Building Height, Feet
a). Building height in feet is measured as the vertical distance from the average finished ground level
at the facade(s) to the top of the structural beam or joists of the upper most story.
Figure 2.4.4 (c) Downward Slope
x.
Roofs
f).
Defined roof types are permitted as indicated for each building type. If this line item is not identified
on the building type table, the roof is not regulated.
xi.
Roof Features
a). Roof decks are permitted only on flat roofs and must be setback at least five (5) feet from any
facade, excluding building components.
b). Mechanical & stairwell penthouses; roof mounted cellular, radio, and Internet transmission
equipment; vents or exhausts; solar panels or skylights; flagpoles; belfries, chimneys, cupolas,
monuments, parapets, spires, steeples, and other non‐habitable architectural features are
permitted on roofs.
xii. Forecourts
a). Forecourts must have a width and depth of at least twelve (12) feet and a maximum height to width
ratio of two to one (2:1).
b). A forecourt must be enclosed by walls on three sides.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 10
c). Building components may encroach into a forecourt.
d). Driveways, parking spaces, passenger drop‐offs, garage entrances, loading and service areas,
exhaust vents, mechanical equipment, and refuse or recycling storage are not permitted in
forecourts.
(Ord. 2024‐14, 11/26/2024)
2.4.5 Uses and Features
a.
Facade Composition
i.
Fenestration
a). Fenestration must be provided as indicated for each building type and is calculated as a percentage
of the area of a facade.
i).
For buildings with ground story commercial spaces, ground story fenestration is measured
between two (2) feet and twelve (12) feet above the finished floor of the ground story.
ii).
For all other buildings and all other stories, fenestration is measured independently for each
story, from the top of a finished floor to the top of the finished floor above.
b). Fenestration enclosed with glazing may be included in the calculation if it meets the following
criteria:
i).
For ground story fenestration, glazing must have at least sixty percent (60%) visible light
transmittance (VLT) and may have up to fifteen percent (15%) visible light reflectance (VLR).
ii).
For upper story fenestration, glazing must have must at least forty percent (40%) VLT and
may have up to fifteen percent (15%) VLR.
ii.
Blank Wall Area
a). Blank wall area is any portion of a facade that does not include fenestration (doors and windows)
and surface relief through the use of columns, cornices, moldings, piers, pilasters, sills, sign bands,
other equivalent architectural features that either recess or project from the average plane of the
facade by at least four (4) inches.
Figure 2.4.5 (a) Fenestration
b).
Blank wall area limitations apply both vertically and horizontally for all stories of a building
for any facade.
2.
Use & Occupancy
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 11
i.
Pedestrian Access
a).
Buildings must have at least one (1) principal entrance. Principal entrances must be located
on the facade, provide both ingress and egress, and be operable at all times.
b).
Multi‐story buildings with ground story commercial spaces must have at least one (1)
principal entrance for each commercial space in addition to any principal entrance(s)
necessary for accessing the upper stories.
c).
Principal entrance spacing is measured as the distance between center line of doors along a
facade.
d).
All residential buildings developed after the adoption date of this Ordinance must provide at
least one (1) zero step entrance at the front, side, or rear of the building. Per Article VI of the
Code of Ordinances, City of Somerville, Massachusetts, reasonable accommodation may be
requested to comply with this standard.
e).
Light wells may be provided within the frontage area to provide light and access into lower
stories or to accommodate a change in grade across the front of a building.
f).
The frontage area of a lot may be terraced to accommodate pedestrian access where a
change in grade exists across the front of a building.
ii.
Ground Story Commercial Space
a).
Any building fronting a Pedestrian Street must provide one (1) or more ground story
commercial spaces fronting the primary facade for one hundred percent (100%) of the total
width of the building, excluding lobbies for upper story uses and other required means of
egress.
iii. Commercial Space Factor
a).
When specified for a building type, the required minimum number of ground story
commercial spaces is calculated by dividing the building width at the primary facade by the
commercial space factor indicated.
iv. Commercial Space Depth
a).
The depth of a commercial space is measured perpendicularly from the facade toward the
interior of a building.
b).
The leasable floor area of any ground story commercial space must have the commercial
space depth specified for each building type.
v.
Dwelling Units Per Lot
a).
The total combined number of dwelling units, that are permitted within a principal building
type and accessory building type on the same lot.
vi. Dwelling Units
a).
The minimum or maximum number of dwelling units permitted for a building type.
b).
Existing structures may not be modified to conflict with number of dwelling units permitted
for each building type.
c).
Ground story dwelling units must have habitable space at least twenty (20) feet in depth,
measured perpendicularly from the facade towards the interior of the building.
vii. Density Factor
a).
When specified for a building type, the maximum number of dwelling units permitted is
calculated by dividing the total gross floor area of the building by the density factor indicated
for each building type.
Somerville Zoning Ordinance
Date Printed: 7/12/2023
2. GLOSSARY & OVERVIEW - PG. 12
i).
The density factor permitted for each building type is different for buildings on different
sized lots, net zero ready buildings.
ii). The gross floor area of any underground structured parking and the net floor area of
any above ground structured parking is excluded when calculating density factor.
iii). Any fractional number resulting from this calculation is rounded up to the next whole
number.
viii. Outdoor Amenity Space
a).
When specified for a building type, outdoor amenity space must be provided as a balcony,
deck, patio, porch, roof deck, roof terrace, or yard that is directly accessible by a doorway
from the dwelling unit the outdoor amenity space is meant to serve.
b).
Each outdoor amenity space must provide an unobstructed area of at least twenty‐four (24)
square feet that may be used for seating.
c).
Buildings with seven (7) or more dwelling units may provide shared outdoor amenity space
as a patio, roof deck, roof terrace, or yard, provided that the space includes the total seating
area required for each dwelling unit that the shared space is meant to serve.
3.
Roof‐Mounted Mechanicals
i.
The height of any roof‐mounted mechanical equipment, screening, or penthouse is measured
vertically from the surface of the finished roof to the top of the equipment, screening or penthouse
roof above.
2.4.6 Building Components
a.
Dimensions
i.
Projection
ii.
Setback Encroachment
a). The distance a component may encroach into a required setback, provided that at least two (2)
feet is maintained from the vertical plane of any side lot line.
iii. Seating Area, Clear
b.
Bays
c.
Entry Canopys
d.
Stoops
e.
Porticos
f.
Projecting Porches
g.
Engaged Porches
h.
All Dormers
i.
If the face wall of a dormer is oriented toward the front lot line, the setback requirements are similarly
oriented.
i.
Window Dormers
j.
Shed Dormers
k.
Cross gables
l.
Projecting gables
m. Side Wings
n.
Rear Additions